The Complex Sentence Складнопідрядне речення Типи підрядних речень

Підрядні речення підметові підрядні присудков підрядні додаткові		Сполучники: That, whether, Сполучні займенники: Who, what, which Сполучні прислівники: When, where, how, why	That he has made a mistake is strange. Дивно, що він допустився помилки. That is why I have come to you. Ось чому я прийшов до вас. We did not know what had happened. Ми не знали, що трапилось.
Підрядні означальні		Відносні займенники: Whom, which Відносні прислівники: When, where, how, why	The man who was here yesterday is our director. Чоловік, який був тут вчора, наш директо .
Підрядні обставини часу		Сполучиики: When, as soon as, while, as,after, before, till, untill	When we arrived at the port, the steamer was being loaded with grain. Коли ми приїхали до порту, пароплав вантажили пшеницею.
місця		Where, wherever	Wherever he went, he was welcome. Де б він не ходив, його скрізь радо зустрічали.
причини		Because, by reason, so, as, since	I believe you because I know you. Я вірю вам, бо знаю вас.
мети		In order to,( that), for, (so) that, lest	Write to him at once so that he may know our plans. Напиши йому зараз же, щоб він знав про наші плани.
умови		If, unless, provided	He won’t finish his work in time unless he works hard. Він не закінчить свою роботу вчасно, якщо не буде працювати старанно.
допусто вості		Even ,though,although, despite that	Tired as they were, they continued to work. Хоч які вони були стомлені, продовжували працювати.
Способу дії та порівняння	Than, as…as, as if, the more .. the better		I shall do as I like. Я робитиму так, як мені подобається. I couldn’t have done any more than they did. Я не міг зробити більше, ніж вони.
наслідку		So that	He went to the lecture early so that he got a good seat. Він пішов на лекцію рано, тому зайняв зручне місце.

Exercise 1. Analyse the sentences. State the type of subordinate clause.

1. What she wanted was sea air. 2. I knew that you would understand me. 3. The village where he was born has changed very much. 4. I was there before I came here. 5. Since you feel tired, you should rest. 5. The more I see of the world, the more I am dissatisfied. 6. Which side wins does not concern us here. 7. I asked if she saw the lock. 8. He looked at the watch that lay on the table. 9. After she was out of sight, he turned and entered the house. 10. That is why I have come to you.

Exercise 2. Analyse the sentences. State the type of subordinate clause.

1. He wondered what they would try on him this time. 2. She was beginning to think that it was time which people left. 3. I hope you will let me know what happens. 4. She went into the kitchen to do the washing up, which she always did these days, carefully, before going to bed. 5. When Rose got home, she found her baby-sister Eileen had fallen asleep. 6. He did not see how she could possible be serious. 7. He looked at me as if I were a magician who could read his soul. 8. But what worried him much more was getting to Whitechapel. 9. After we had eaten and I had settled in I went for a walk in the afternoon. 10. I wonder where he is at this minute.

Conditional Sentences

Умовні речення

ТИП	ГОЛОВНЕ РЕЧЕННЯ	ПІДРЯДНЕ РЕЧЕННЯ
1-тип реальна умова 2-тип малоймовірна умова 3-тип нереальна умова	shall [will] + Indefinite Infinitive You will pass your exams successfully Ви складете екзамен успішно, Should ( would+could might) Indef. Infinitive You would pass your exams successfully Ви склали б екзамени успішно Should,would(could,might)+ Perfect Infinitive You would had passed your exams successfully Ви склали б екзамени успішно	Форма дієслова в Present Indefinite Tense if you study hard next year. якщо будете працювати наполегливо наступного року. Форма дієслова в Past Indefinite if you studied hard this year. якби працювали наполегливо цього року. Форма дієслова в Past Perfect if you had studied hard last year. якби ви працювали наполегливо минулого року.

Сполучники умовних речень

If

Provided

Providing (that) – якщо, при умові

Unless – якщо не

In case – у випадку

On condition (that) – при умові, що

Exercise 1. Read and translate the following sentences. Define the type.

1. We should invited him unless he left Greece. 2. If I had been you, I should have gone to the South during the winter holidays. 3. If I had free time, I should devote it to reading. 4. Provided she told me about it , I should believe her. 5. My report would be ready tomorrow provided I had all necessary materials. 6. If planes leaves in time, it will arrive in two hours. 7. Unless she had fallen ill, she could have taken part in this work. 8. Unless he attached importance to these words, he would not mention them in his task. 9. If it had not been so cold, we should have walked. 10. He would have finished his project unless he had been ill. 11. If I saw him, I could speak to him. 12. Provided he had gone there alone, he might not have found the place. 13. If it had not rained yesterday, we should have gone to the country. 14. If you ring me up, I shall tell you something. 15. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake.