Англ(2курс, 2 семестр)

8.Незвертайтенаменеуваги.

9.Остерігайтесь, тамсобака!

10.Цедобре, щовонидотримуютьсяоднієїдумки.

11.Вамкращенічогонеприховувати, воначитаєчужідумки.

12.Висловлюйтесьвідверто.

13.Жінказбожеволілапіслясмертісина.

14.Уньогобувнамірвідправитисьнаекзотичнийострів.

Grammar Focus

13. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions.

1.She looked forward ____ (for/to) seeing many interesting places.

2.On the way the freighter touched _____ (in/at) a number of islands.

3.The ship emptied herself ____ (at/on) Haiti.

4.The owners were willing to send the ship ____ (in/out) of her route.

5.The ship stopped _____ (in/at) a variety of ports.

6.She walked _____ (along/down) the companion.

7.She had no time _____ (on/for) reading.

8.She came ____ (on/to) board at Plymouth.

9.There were 6 cabins _____ (in/on) the upper deck.

10.She looked forward ______ (to/for) seeing many interesting places.

11.The journey drew ____ (to/on) its close.

SPEAKING TOPICS

From the History of Travel

Allurement of Travelling

Travelling by Air

Travelling by Ship

Travelling by Train

Travel Broadens the Mind

Travel and Accommodation

Ukrainian Tourism

Green Tourism

14.Read the text “From the History of Travel“ and be ready to answer the questions below.

From the History of Travel

Americans are restless people, always on the move and eager to get where they are going as quickly and convenient as possible. It was not until well after the Revolution, however, with the need for opening up the lands to the West, that the Nation began to develop an integrated system for transporting people and goods.

For most of the first century settlement, westward travel was limited to the winding Indian trails, which in a few places were widened to make primitive roads.

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Only the venturesome hunters and trappers pushed into the heavily forested mountains.

On the water it was a different story: the rivers, inlets and bays provided the easiest and the safest means of transportation. Farmers floated their produce – wheat, corn, salted pork, logs, cotton and tobacco – downriver to market on flatboats and rafts. Small boats and log canoes carried people to church and on visits to neighbours or to market. Many new Englanders gave up cultivating their rocky lands and turned to the sea in sturdy fishing boats to harvest the haddock. Merchants, traders and passengers traveled between Boston, New York and Baltimore by boat.

Land travel increased slowly in the early 1700s. A horseback trip from New York to Boston took at least 7 days. As more Indian trails were widened into rough dirty roads, vehicles began to appear. By the mid-1700s four- and six-horse carriages with coachmen were common among prosperous Virginia plantators.

The concept of using Federal funds to build interregional roads was established in1806 under President Jefferson, and the so-called National Road, which eventually linked Maryland with Illinois, began in 1811. The transcontinental railroad, finished in 1869, linked the two oceans and unified the continent. So, by the late 1890s, it was already possible to travel from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast by rail.

Although Americans did not invent that mechanical marvel, the automobile, they made it their own by finding ways to build it, improve it, mass-produce it, and sell it. Speed and movement soon became national obsessions.

The Wright brothers made their historic flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, some 5 years before Henry Ford built his first “Model T“ in 1908, but it took World Wars I and II to accelerate the evolution of the airplane.

When all technical challengers of travel on and around the Earth had been met, a new breed of traveler shot for the Moon, and made it. Since the first Apollo Moon landing on July 20, 1969, Americans have sent men to the Moon five times. And scientists, no longer earth-bound, have lived and worked for weeks aboard American Skylabs orbiting high above the Earth.

But though time and distance have been conquered, solutions to the more difficult problems of safe, clean, comfortable travel still lie ahead.

Comprehension Check

15.Answer the questions.

1.When was an integrated system for transporting people and goods developed?

2.What was westward travel limited to?

3.What were the easiest and the safest means of transportation?

4.How were people carried to church and market?

5.What vehicles began to appear in the 18th century?

6.What invention linked the two oceans and unified the continent?

7.When and where was automobile invented?

8.Why, do you think, speed and movement have become national obsessions?

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9.What do you know about the Moon travel?

10.Do you believe that science fiction writers can envisage the future in their novels?

16. Complete the sentences.

1.Americans are always _______________and eager _________________.

2.With the need for opening up the lands to the West ____________________.

3.Westward travel was limited to________________.

4.Only the venturesome hunters_________________.

5.The rivers, inlets and bays_______________________.

6.Farmers floated their produce to market on____________.

7.Small boats and log canoes______________________.

8.Many new Englanders gave up cultivating their rocky lands and turned to_______.

9.More Indian trails were widened________________.

10.The transcontinental railroad linked_______________________.

11.Speed and movement soon became________________.

12.The Wright brothers made _______________________.

13.The first Apollo Moon landing took place___________________.

Vocabulary Focus

17. Explain the meaning of the following words and word-combinations in English and use them in the sentences of your own.

Restless people; to be on the move; to be eager; westward travel; winding trails; venturesome hunters; heavily forested mountains; to float the produce; flatboat; log canoes; to cultivate rocky lands; sturdy fishing boats; to harvest the haddock; six-horse carriages; prosperous; obsession; to accelerate; technical challengers; a new breed; to be earth-bound; to lie ahead.

18. Find the corresponding definitions for the words from the first column.

1. restless		a. track
2. to be on the move		b. strong, solid
3. to be eager		c. rough pieces of tree
4. integrated		d. to unite
5. winding		e. wealthy, rich
6. venturesome		f. tree planks taken together
7. logs		g. to wish, to be anxious
8. raft		h. fish
9.sturdy		i. spiral, curving
10.haddock		j. daring, bold
11.trail		k. moving about
12.prosperous		l. during the reign of
13.under President		m. never quiet, unable to rest
14.to unify		n. combined into a whole
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19.Find English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words and word combinations.

Механічне диво; бути в дорозі; подорожувати; заможні плантатори; перевозити людей та вантаж; звивисті стежки; прискорити; нова порода; морські затоки та бухти; гори, вкриті густим лісом; під час правління (за часів) президента; ловити тріску; плоскодонки; активні, невгамовні люди; бажати чогось; одержимість; обробляти кам’янисті землі; стійкі (міцні) човни; досягти чогось; подорож на захід.

20.Translate into English.

1.Активні та невгамовні люди завжди перебуваюсь у русі і прагнуть дістатися до місця призначення якомога швидше.

2.Початок розвитку інтегрованої системи транспорту зумовлений тим, що нація прагнула розширити землі та знайти нові можливості для торгівлі.

3.Подорожі на захід приваблювали лише тих, хто не боявся ризикувати та залишитись наодинці з природою у вкритих густими лісами горах.

4.Що стосується водних шляхів, то тут зовсім інша справа: до певного часу річки були найшвидшим та найбезпечнішим видом транспорту на відміну від звивистих індіанських стежок.

5.Зараз складно собі уявити, що маленькі човни та каное можуть бути звичним видом транспорту для того, щоб дістатися сусіднього містечка, або просто купити товари на ринку.

6.Більшість людей подорожували верхи, і лише заможні могли собі дозволити екіпажі з кількома кіньми.

7.Лише наприкінці 19 століття стала можлива подорож трансконтинентальною залізницею, яка простягалася від одного океану до іншого та поєднала весь континент.

8.Хоча американцям не пощастило винайти автомобіль, однак їм з успіхом вдалося скористатися цим дивом, запустити масове виробництво та зробити його популярним і бажаним для кожної сім’ї.

9.Поштовхом для розвитку авіапромисловості стали Перша та Друга Світова Війна.

10.З другої половини 20-го століття людство не обмежується подорожами на землі та у небі, оскільки стали можливі польоти у відкритий космос.

Discussion

21. Now you are experts in the history of travelling. Discuss in small groups the future development of transport technology. Use the vocabulary of the text. Think of the following problems:

Exploring space

Modern and future means of transport

Transport and ecology

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22. Comment on the following quotations.

 A man travels the world in search of what he needs and returns home to find it.

George Moore

Every dreamer knows that it is entirely possible to be homesick for a place you've never been to, perhaps more homesick than for familiar ground.

Judith Thurman

 I am not the same having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world.

Mary Anne Radmacher

23. Read the texts, translate them into Ukrainian. Be ready to discuss them.

A.Allurement of Travelling

Every child, I suppose, spends a large proportion of their time in a day dream

about things that can capture a child’s imagination. Unfortunately this longing is seldom expressed and is generally submerged by the weight of conventional upbringing and education, but something sufficient remains to have a decisive effect upon our way of life. My earliest recollections are of daydreams about a strange country. My adventures in those places were not very startling, but everything had a quality of endlessness: the rivers went on for ever, the mountains were infinitely high, and the country was always changing. My great delight at the seaside was to put a bottle or a piece of pumice into the sea and watch it float away, or on a windy day to throw a rag into the air to be blown away. I used to imagine those objects travelling on for ever, and I went with them. I am glad that nobody pointed out that my bottles and pumice would be washed up a few hundred yards farther along the beach, or that my rags would be swept into a dustbin.

I was lucky, as I had plenty to stimulate my imagination, for I was never in one place for long, and spent much of my time travelling about in Ceylon and Southern India with frequent voyages between Europe and the East. To an adult such journeys can be measured in an exact number of geographical miles, or in days and hours, and they become rather monotonous. I found them immensely exciting and often finished them in a state of exhaustion. Having no precise conception of time and distance, I confirmed my notion of the boundless world. The train winding towards the sandy tip of India at Dhanushkodi and chugging noisily through the jungle-clad up-country of Ceylon and the Nilgiris; an early morning of strange scents, travelling swiftly by coconut palms and paddy-fields; stromboli belching fire and smoke; a whale spouting far in the wake of the ship – these were some of the impressions that kept alive the blissful day-dreams during the later dreary years of preparatory school routine and successfully removed all chances of mastering Latin syntax.

(From “Upon that Mountain” by Eric Shipton)

B. Comment on the following essay. State what you think about travelling Adventure

Adventure is necessary to us all. It keeps us from growing stale and old, it stimulates our imagination, it gives us that movement and change which are necessary to our well-being.

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One of the objects of travel is to go in search of beauty. The beauty-spots of the world are magnets which draw pilgrims year after year. Yet, even more valuable to the traveller is the knowledge which he gets of his fellow men by going among people of different enthusiasms. It is a story of the stay-at-home who is always ready to call someone else “queer” because his ways are a little different; the much travelled man has sympathy with all sorts of ways and is therefore much more likely to be able to understand another point of view than his own. Frequent travel to other countries would be the best possible insurance against any war. For when you have stayed in the homes of people of other nations and grown to like them and to understand their ways, you will have the greatest antipathy for fighting against them.

And then there is for the traveller the great joy of coming home again. He who never leaves his home sees all its imperfections; but the voyager, when his lust for new things is satiated, turns his thoughts towards home with longing and affection. However humble his home may be, it contains all the things with which he is most familiar. He loves them, and being parted for a little while from them increases his desire for them. So the traveller, besides the delight of travel, has the additional satisfaction of a fuller appreciation of his home.

Comprehension Check

24. Answer the questions.

1.What do children usually dream about?

2.Do those dreams affect their way of life later on?

3.Were the man’s adventures very startling in his childhood? Why?

4.What is the difference between a child’s attitude to a journey and that of an adult person?

5.Why is adventure necessary to us all?

6.What is one of the objects of travel?

7.What does the traveller get of his fellow men?

8.What would be the best possible insurance against war?

9.Why does the traveller have the additional satisfaction of a fuller appreciation of his home?

25.Complete the sentences.

1.This idea has captured my imagination to such an extent that . . .

2.The great explorer explained that the weight of conventional upbringing and education . . .

3.My earliest recollections of day-dreams about strange countries are . . .

4.Many boys throw bottles with notes in them or pieces of pumice into the sea thinking that . . .

5.To stimulate the child’s imagination it is necessary to . . .

6.Having no precise conception of time and distance the travellers could not . . .

7.The strange noises and scents of the jungle-clad up-country produced . . .

8.Volcanoes belching fire and smoke are typical for . . .

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9.You needn’t waste your time if . . .

10.Much forethought should be given to many particulars if you want your expedition to be . . .

Vocabulary Focus

26. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations in English and use them in situations of your own.

Capture one’s imagination; longing; submerge; have a decisive effect on; recollection; startling; infinitely high; stimulate one’s imagination; monotonous; immensely exciting; precise conception of; confirm one’s notion; chug noisily; jungle-clad; paddy-fields; belch; spout; in the wake of; blissful; dreary years; keep somebody from growing stale; go in search of beauty; beauty-spots; draw pilgrims; fellow men; people of different enthusiasms; stay-at-home; have sympathy with; insurance; satiate one’s lust; affection; appreciation.

27.Translate the following words into English, make up your own sentences using them.

Привабливий/чарівний; виражати палке бажання/прагнення до чогось; бути обтяженим; достатній; спогади; захоплення/задоволення; збуджувати чиюсь увагу; бути одноманітним; захоплююча подорож; не мати точного уявлення про час; вражаючий; попутник; люди з різними уподобаннями; мати співчуття до когось; залишати домівку; більше цінувати свою домівку.

28.Find the right definition for the words in the first column.

1. allurement	a) usual type, socially accepted
2. stimulate	b) a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction
3. notion	c)an exciting experience in which things happen
4. conventional	d) general understanding of something
5. precise	e) a mysterious, exciting or desirable feeling
6. confirm	f) an idea, belief or opinion
7. delight	g) to say that something is definitely true
8. float	h) to satisfy a desire or need
9. immensely	i) something that is not completely correct or perfect
10. lust	j) to encourage making somebody excited
11. satiate	k) a very strong desire
12. search	l) exact
13. adventure	m) a strong feeling of wanting something
14. imperfections	n) an attempt to find something
15. longing	o) very much, extremely
16. conception	p) to stay or move on the surface of water

29. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

journeys immensely satisfaction stimulate exciting

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lust affection recollection sufficient longing adventure

1.Beautiful landscapes can ____ our imagination and satiate our ____ for new impressions.

2.The amount of work done is ____ enough to report about it.

3.My travel was not that ____ , the weather was dull. I spent most of the time in my hotel room and didn’t have many ____ .

4.People dream about ____ to distant countries.

5.Tourism has become ____ popular among people of different enthusiasms.

6.Having spent much time travelling around you come back home with ____ and

____, you have many ____ and impressions.

7.If you can go out of town, you will get additional ____ of communicating with nature.

30. Translate into English using active vocabulary.

1.Отримавши традиційне виховання, йому важко було знайти спільну мову з людьми.

2.Знання, які він отримав у школі, були недостатніми, щоб навчатися в університеті.

3.Ці переговори тривають безкінечно довго і не приносять задоволення.

4.Вона не могла виражати палкого бажання відправитись в подорож.

5.Подорож, яка вимірювалася сотнями миль, дуже стомлювала її.

6.Часті подорожі до інших країн зробили його характер більш стійким.

7.З часом дні ставали одноманітними.

8.Згадуючи останню пригоду, ми не могли не відчувати хвилювання.

9.Блаженні/щасливі мрії дуже часто залишаються не реалізованими.

10.Він був настільки захоплений краєвидами, які змінювалися, що не мав точного уявлення про час.

11.Подорож – це надзвичайно цікава діяльність, це стверджують всі мандрівники.

12.Кожний мандрівник відчуває велику радість після довгої подорожі.

13.Кожна країна має багато чарівних куточків, які привертають увагу подорожуючих.

TRAVELLING BY AIR

31. Discussion. Answer the following questions.

A.Have you ever travelled by plane? What are your impressions of the airports in different countries? Are they different or almost the same?

B.Imagine the following situations took place in the airport in your country. What would you do / say? If the situation didn't improve, would you become less polite?

You're sitting in the departure lounge and the people next to you are making a lot of noise. You have to wait another hour, and the lounge is full.

You arrive at check-in two minutes late. The staff say the flight is closed.

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Your suitcase is two kilos over the weight limit. The airline charges you for excess baggage.

Your flight is delayed, but no one will tell you the reason for the delay or how long it will be. An hour passes, and you still know nothing.

32. Listening and speaking Flying to Los Angeles.

At the airport

James is at the Air USA terminal at the airport. He is already checked in. He’s been through the security check, and he’s gone to the gate to wait for the flight. Listen to the announcements. Look at the screen below, look at the example, and complete the chart in the same way.

FLIGHT	DESTINATION GATE		DEPARTS
932	Syracuse	14	3:25
217
558
563
67
811

33. In Flight

A.James is now on the plane. Listen to the announcements and answer these questions.

1. What’s the pilot’s name? What are they waiting for? How long will the delay be? When will they arrive in Los Angeles?

2. What kind of plane is it? How fast is it going? Where is the plane? How hot is it in Los Angeles? What’s the weather like? Why should the passengers keep their seat belts fastened?

3. What’s the plane beginning to do? What should the passengers do? 4. Who should they see if they have questions?

B.Give the Ukrainian equivalents.

Welcome aboard; Air Traffic control; wait for clearance; bumpy weather; arrive at… local time; cruise at an altitude of; at an airspeed; hit some unexpected turbulence; return your seat and tray the original upright positions; on behalf of Captain; crew.

C.Give the English equivalents.

1.Рейс відлітає за розкладом…….

2.Рейс номер……. відкладено…….

3.Посадка на літак розпочнеться за 20 хвилин…….

4.Увага! Пасажири на рейс до Лос Анджелеса…….

5.Увага! Ріта Чемберз. Підійдіть, будь ласка, до виходу…….

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6.Триває посадка на літак за рейсом 523 до Детройта…….

D. In-flight questionnaire. Auto rental.

Answer the following questions:

1.Why does the attendant ask to fill out the questionnaire?

2.What is necessary to rent a car? What questions are asked? Do you think this service is necessary?

34. Pre-reading task: answer your friend’s questions.

1. What is attractive or unattractive for you in traveling by plane?

2. What do you think is necessary to know for a passenger who is going to travel by plane?

3. If you had a chance to go to London, would you choose a plane? Why?

35. Study the following text. Translate it into Ukrainian. Travelling by Plane

Nowadays people who go on business mostly travel by air, as it is the fastest means of traveling. Here are some hints on air travel that may be helpful.

Passengers are requested to arrive at the airport two hours before the departure time on international flights and an hour before on domestic flights as there must be enough time to complete the necessary airport formalities. Passengers must register their tickets, weigh in and register the luggage. At the check-in counter your ticket is looked at, your things are weighed and labelled, a claim-check for each piece of luggage is inserted in the ticket. Most airlines have at least two classes of travel, business class and economy class, which is cheaper. Each passenger of more than two years of age has free luggage allowance. Generally this limit is 20 kg for economy class passengers and 30 kg for business class passengers. Excess luggage must be paid extra except for some articles, that can be carried free of charge.

As a rule personal belongings may be brought in duty free. If a traveler has nothing to declare, they may just go through the “green” section of the Customs. In most countries there is also a security check when your carry-luggage is inspected. This is an anti-hijacking measure: the Customs inspector may ask you to open your bags for inspection. It sometimes happens that passenger’s luggage is carefully gone through to prevent smuggling.

The next formality is going through passport control.

At the departure lounge you can buy things in the duty free, e.g. perfume, alcohol and cigarettes. About half an hour or forty minutes before take off, you can go to a gate number, where you wait before you get on the plane.

Each passenger is given a boarding pass with the seat number on it to be shown at the departure gate and again to the flight attendant when boarding the plane.

When you board the plane, you find you seat. If you have hand luggage, you can put it under your seat or seat in front of you or in the overhead locker above your seat.

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