VI. Прочтите и переведите устно текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,4 и 5 абзацы.

1. Economics, social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services.

Standard economics can be divided into two major fields: microeconomics and macroeconomics.

2. Macroeconomics, branch of economics concerned with the aggregate, or overall, economy. Macroeconomics deals with economic factors such as total national output and income, unemployment, balance of payments, and the rate of inflation.

3. At the basis of macroeconomics is an understanding of what constitutes national output, or national income, and the related concept of gross national product (GNP).

The GNP is the total value of goods and services produced in an economy during a given period of time, usually a year. The measure of what a country’s economic activity produces in the end is called final demand. The main determinants of final demand are consumption (personal expenditure on items such as food, clothing, appliances, and equipment), government spending, and net exports (exports minus imports).

4. Macroeconomic theory is largely concerned with what determines the size of GNP, its stability, and its relationship to variables such as unemployment and inflation. The size of a country’s potential GNP at any moment in time depends on its factors of production – labor and capital – and its technology. Over time the country’s labor force, capital stock, and technology will change, and the determination of long-run changes in a country’s productive potential is the subject matter of one branch of macroeconomic theory known as growth theory.

5. Microeconomics, branch of economics that deals with small units, including individual companies and small groups of consumers. The central components of microeconomics are demand, supply, and market equilibrium. Demand refers to how individuals or households form their demands for different goods and services. Supply refers to how firms decide which and how many goods or services they will supply and what combination of factors of production they should employ in supplying them. Market equilibrium refers to how markets enable these supplies and demands to interact. Other important subsections of microeconomic theory include welfare economics and public finance.

VII. Озаглавьте текст.

VIII. Напишите краткую аннотацию текста (на английском языке)

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Вариант №2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is necessary to use the latest means of control in industry.

2. One should agree that that experiment was of great importance for our research.

3. This programme is too complex for fulfilling; we should think of an easier one.

4. It was only yesterday that I was told about the news.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The prices for metals were influenced by the growing demand.

2. Special attention has been paid to the packing, so that the goods may withstand oversea transport.

3. As the agreement had not been arrived at, the dispute was decided by arbitration.

4. The construction of good shopping centers has made goods available to consumers.

5. When the value of a nation’s currency is decreasing, its export are likely to increase.

6. Prices can be determined in different ways.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. They promised to supply us with the necessary equipment.

2. The experiment to be carried out is of great importance for our work.

3. We have no intention to order these goods.

4. He is known to be working on this problem.

5. To meet the increased demand a number of shops have been opened.

6. I expect the goods to be delivered tomorrow.

7. This price is considered to be too high.

8. That information proved to be very important.

9. This problem is unlikely to be investigated quickly.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастного оборота.

1. Economic co-operation based on mutual benefit is expanding and deeping.

2. We have sent invitations to the parties participating in the agreement.

3. Negotiations began, with ten countries taking part in them.

4. The goods having been unloaded, the workers left the port.

5. Having looked through all the catalogues and prices-lists received on that day he left the office.

6. The negotiations were conducted behind closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.