Exercises

Ex.1. a) What meaning do the following prefixes add?

Pre-war, postwar, intravenous, intercostal, overcook, undercook, anti-abortion, pro-abortion, reuse, submarine, co-author, bilingual.

b)Find the prefixes, translate the words with and without them:

Antiwar, subdivide, co-operate, overload, pro-reform, post-graduate, rewrite, antiviral, biconvex, underdeveloped, overeat, postposition, prehistoric, undersized, prorector, reshape, coexist, bifoliate, subnormal, interplanetary, intraocular.

Ex.2. Pick out the pairs of words, which have the same root, and translate them.

Invariable, slight, reconsider, selector, ethics, similitude, inconvenient, medication, disappear, purely, physical, finely, pressure, variety, medicinal, slightly, impure, appearance, similarly, convenience, physician, fineness.

Ex.3. Find the verbs among the following words:

Form, dry, available, state, technique, volume, shape, circular, common, define, use, important, require, weight, deep, influence, increase, essencially, amount, smooth, improve.

Ex.4. Ask questions. Start with the question-word given in brackets:

Example: Sticking of the tablets may occur when there is too much moisture in the drug material. (When?) – When may sticking of the tablets occur?

1. The correct pressure must be applied in order to avoid ejection problems. (Why?)

2. The preparation should contain not less than 99.5 per cent of acetyl – salicylic acid. (How much?)

3. Reduction may occur if organic compounds are present. (When?)

4. Seeds must be planted deep enough to have a sufficient supply of moisture. (Why?)

5. Gums may form in the plant as normal constituents. (Where?)

6. Short-sighted people have to wear spectacles. (What?)

7. Substances of such complexity can crystallize under ordinary conditions. (When?)

8. Digitalis should be kept in a container with a dry atmosphere maintained. (Where?)

9. After drying-out the substance they could determine its melting point. (What?)

10. Patients must use sedatives with care. (How?)

Ex.5. Put the verbs into Past Simple. Translate:

Example: He cannot translate this text without a dictionary.→ He could not translate this text without a dictionary.

1. Digitalis may easily be grown from seeds.

2. Can’t you dissolve this substance?

3. Something is wrong with the X-ray apparatus: we cannot start it.

4. Ergot alkaloids may be discussed later.

5. As soon as the freshers are allowed to use the university library, they can take every book they need.

6. Nobody is able to help him with this experiment.

7. He really must work hard as he wants to enter the University.

8. Can you tell me the way to the nearest chemist’s?

9. She has a flu, she must get intramuscular injections of antibiotics three times a day.

10. Overdosage of this medicine may cause unfavourable reactions.

Ex.6 Choose the correct verb form, Active or Passive. Translate:

1. If injected in concentrations over 200mg per cb. cm, the drug (may cause, may be caused) toxic effects.

2. It is expected that satisfactory results (could equally obtain, could equally be obtained) upon administration to humans.

3. It (could observe, could be observed) that the extent of absorption depended on the compound being absorbed.

4. At a chemist’s one (can buy, can be bought) various medicines for intramuscular and intravenous injections, for oral administration and for external use.

5. When my sister got ill, she (had to order, had to be ordered) lots of medicines at the chemist’s.

6. The filter (may make, may be made) of paper, paper pulp, sand etc.

7. The dentist (has to extract, has to be extracted) your bad tooth.

8. The method proposed (can determine, can be determined) ampicillin in pure form or in capsules.

9. Tablets which (have to coat, have to be coated) after compression must have a deep convex shape.

10. The scientist (should do, should be done) numerous experiments on animals before treating people with a new medicine.

Ex.7. Translate into English according to the model; use the words from the text:

Model: якомога скоріше – as quickly as possible

якомога тонший – аs thin as possible

якомога

сухіший приємніший більший товщий триваліший твердіший вищий гладкіший повільніше дрібніше сильніше

Ex.8. Find the English equivalents in the text:

Виготовлення таблеток; у сухому стані; медичні таблетки; найбільш поширена форма; з плоскими або злегка випуклими бічними сторонами; у випадку; попередні міркування; конкретні форми і розміри; приємний зовнішній вигляд; подібним чином; призначений для; якомога скоріше; тієї ж самої ваги; повинні розчинятись повільно; для зручності користувача; тривалий ефект; дієвість таблетки; повинні вкриватись оболонкою; на додаток до вищесказаних міркувань; коефіцієнт стискання; порошок; з чисто фізичної точки зору; дрібно подрібнений стан; навіть без якихось допоміжних речовин; для внутрішнього вживання; у той же час; щоб покращити його ковзкі властивості.

Ex. 9. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences:

1. The most common form of medication for the administering of a medicine in a dry state is a powder.

2. There can be circular, rectangular, triangular, and other shapes of tablets.

3. A table must be as thick as possible if it is meant for making solutions.

4. A lasting effect can be provided by a thin and flat tablet slowly dissolving in the mouth.

5. Increased hardness and a deep convex shape are necessary for tablets, which are to be coated after compression.

6. The density and compression ratio of tablet material may influence the choice of tablet dimensions.

7. No auxiliary substances are needed to make tablets from substances like lactose.

8. Great pressure in tablet making may cause ejection problems.

Ex.10. Answer the questions on the text:

1. What is the tablet?

2. What is the most common shape of tablets?

3. What other shapes do we use?

4. Do you think it is important that a tablet would have a pleasing appearance?

5. What are the best sizes and shapes of tablets meant for making solutions?

6. What are the preferrable sizes and shapes of tablets which are to dissolve slowly in the mouth?

7. What tablets must have a deep convex shape and be harder than other tablets?

8. What other factors may influense the choice of a shape and size?

9. How can you define the technique of tabletting?

10. Why may the addition of auxiliary substances be necessary in tablet making?

11. Why are glidants added to the tablet material?

12. What are lubricants added for?