Exercises.

Ex.1. Answer the following questions:

1. What happened in April 1864?

2. What discovery made Louis Pasteur famous?

3. When was L. Pasteur born?

4. Where was he born?

5. What do you know about his education?

6. What subject did his early research deal with?

7. What was known about fermenting agents prior to Pasteur’s research?

8. What do you know about the “birth certificate of microbiology”?

9. What was the main idea of Pasteur’s research into fermentation?

10. What process is called pasteurisation?

11. Where is pasteurisation used nowadays?

12. What did Pasteur demonstrate?

Ex.2. Give the Past Indefinite (Simple) Forms:

1. His father works at a plant.

2. Her mother teaches chemistry at school.

3. We understand the rule.

4. We don’t know his address.

5. Do your students speak English?

6. Does your friend like such films?

7. He gets up, washes, dresses, has breakfast and goes to school.

8. I often see them in the library.

9. They don’t attend lectures every day.

Ex.3. Make the following interrogative and negative.

1. Louis Pasteur refuted the theory of spontaneous generation.

2. Pasteur moved on to the study of fermenting agents.

3. He obtained the doctorate of sciences at the age of 25.

4. He published his report in 1857.

5. His discoveries made him one of the world’s greatest scientists’.

Ex.4. Find the pairs of synonyms and remember them:

Nonliving, different, presentation, deal, method, technique, clearly, various, lucky, show, to learn, to obtain, to change, sort, to get, evidently, successfully, to find out, to alter, type.

Ex.5. Find the pairs of antonyms and remember them:

Inanimate, contamination, presence, always, long, liquid, absence, short, never, life, solid, death, ever, different, appear, the same, disappear, animate, cleaning.

Ex.6. Give the missing forms of the following verbs:

Know, known …; be, been …; have, having …; move, moved …; teach, teaching …; felt, feeling …; took, taken …; obtain, obtained …; learn, learnt ….

Ex.7. Read, translate and remember the following verbs and nouns:

to cause – cause; to report – report;

to research – research; to study – study;

to use – use; to result – result;

to call – call; to patent – patent;

to testimony – testimony.

Ex.8. Open the brackets using the correct verb form:

1. Last year we (study, studied) the method of pasteurisation.

2. Pasteur (demonstrates, demonstrated) that life can come only from pre-existing life, not from inanimate.

3. Nowadays the technique of pasteurisation (is, are, was, were, used) for products like milk and fruit juice.

4. Many new discoveries (took place, takes place, will take place) in the 19-th century.

5. Last century some scientists (think, thinks, thought) that life can appear by spontaneous generation.

6. The majority of problems of contamination in the food industry (are caused, were caused, is caused) by microbes.

7. In 1864 Pasteur successfully (refutes, refuted, will refute) the theory of spontaneous generation.

8. The process called pasteurisation (will revolutionize, revolutionizes, revolutionized) the food industry.

Ex.9. Revise the following suffixes of the noun and translate the nouns into Ukrainian (Russian):

-sion -tion, - ment, -ence, -ance, -er, -or, -y, -ist.

discovery, necessity, testimony, container, creator, scientist, fermentation, generation, contamination, intervention, pasteurisation, evolution, commission, presence, audience, evidence, achievement.

Ex. І0. Choose the right statement:

1. Some scientists felt that life could originate by itself from nonliving matter, without the intervention by a creator.

2. In a masterful presentation before a commission of scientists, Louis Pasteur successfully refuted the theory of spontaneous generation.

3. Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 in the small town in the east of England.

4. His father did not have any ambitions for his son.

5. He obtained a doctorate of sciences at the age of 30.

6. Pasteur proved that fermenting agents were not the result of fermentation, but rather the cause of it.

7. He showed that each type of fermenting agent caused a different sort of fermentation.

8. Pasteur demonstrated that life could come only from pre-existing life, not from inanimate.

9. Louis Pasteur provided powerful evidence and testimony against the theory of evolution.

10. Louis Pasteur provided powerful evidence for the absolute necessity of creator for life to have appeared on earth.