HANDBOOK_FOR_SIGHT_TRANSLATION
.pdf4.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization was said to be concerned that many countries had been turning to bread where it had not previously figured in their diet.
5.I woke one morning to find myself famous.
6.Each time the door opened Martin looked round, only to see the Mounteneyes enter, then the Puchweins.
7.The light died down to leave the room darker than before.
8.Yesterday's Cabinet was the first of a series which are concentrating on deciding the amount of money to be allocated to the various Government departments for the financial year starting in April.
9.When I returned to Berlin, in the autumn of 1932, I duly rang Bernhard up, only to be told that he was away, on business, in Hamburg. (Ch. Isherwood)
10.She was still I felt my anger leave me, to be replaced by an absorbing depression. (А. Мыто)
11.Dozing in his chair, he woke up, stiff and cold, to find himself drained dry, as it were, of every emotion. (A. Huxley)
12.Dick burst into the room, to be received with a hug which nearly cracked his ribs, as Torpenhow dragged him into the light and spoke of twenty different things in the same breath. (R. Kipling)
13.I arrived in town and had a most affecting interview with my mother who only recovered from her swoon at my return to go into hysterics at the beautiful shawls I had brought her. (E. Bulwer-Lytton)
14.British officials have pronounced the IRA dead before, only to have it come back to haunt them. ("Nsw.")
15.I once travelled over miles of snow-covered roads in search of an isolated farmhouse only to be greeted by a pack of wolfhounds waiting to devour me if I opened my car door. ("IHT")
16.Since the October War of 1973, Hosni Mubarak has been Anwar Sadat's most loyal follower. For years he sat in obscurity at his President's side, quietly taking notes. Henry Kissinger once assumed he was a junior aide, only to learn later that he was the Vice President of Egypt. ("Nsw.")
17.Susan sought for something nasty to say to Reg. (A. Wilson)
18."That's all right," Wilbourne said. "Two many people have already seen the telegram for it to be private." (W. Faulkner)
19.I have treasured the painting ever since. For it to be stolen from me was an extreme shock as it was of great sentimental value. ("G.")
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20.I also feel tempted to say that novelists are the only group of people who should write a column. Their interests are large, if shallow, their habits are sufficiently unreliable for them to find something new to say quite often, and in most other respects they are more columnistic than the columnists. (N. Mailer)
21.Community, church and civic organizations offer opportunities for Americans to transcend personal interests in order to see the shining dream of freedom and hope for all America's people become a complete, unabridged reality. ("IHT" Jan. 8, 91)
22.You went suddenly after lunch, leaving one of your most offensive letters behind with the butler to be handed to me after your departure. (0. Wilde)
23."Oh, she's upset all right," the Judge said with a certain contentment. "But Verena's not a woman to come down with anything an aspirin could not fix." (T. Capote)
24.The Chairman of Nottingham Trades Council is to ask his council to vigorously protest that public money is used to condition British people to accept the idea of war through "almost Goebbels-type propaganda." (" VS," Oct. 81)
25.Authorities in Germany's North Rhine-Westphalia state are seeking new uses for the secret bomb shelters built after the Cuban missile crisis. The bunkers, intended for government officials, are airconditioned and large
enough for 120 people to live in. ("IHT," Jan. 14,93)
26.From the outside, the squat flat-roofed buildings of Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology are nothing much to look at. ("G.,"
Oct. 1,91)
27.They squat and somehow live on the roofs of their destroyed homes,
but in some place there aren't any roofs to squat on. (" G., "Sept. 20, 91)
28."In any event the system of governance in Europe is going to have to change to accommodate the new realities if we are to keep faith with our democracies," one senior EC Commissioner commented in the European parliament in Strasbourg yesterday. ("G.," April 8,92)
29.Driving over she passed by Zapf's Used Books and was alarmed to find a pile of charred rubble where the bookstore only a week ago stood. (T. Pynchon)
30.In those days art critics in London with a knowledge of Australian art were hard to come by. ("T.," May 24,93)
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31. In his forthcoming book "The Intellectuals and the Masses", John Carley, Professor of English at Oxford, makes a devastating case that throughout this century the intellectual elite — people like F orster, Lawrence, Pound, Virginia Woolf, Wyndham Lewis — entertained such a profound fear and revulsion against the masses that they created a culture to exclude them. ("G.")
32. Абсолютная номинативная конструкция с предлогом with (причинно-сопутствующие
обстоятельства)
В начале предложения with переводится: по причине, из- за, ввиду; в середине предложения — причем (сопутствующие обстоятельства).
Варианты перевода:
a)With heavy seas in the North Atlantic, fishing boats stay in harbour.
Рыбачьи лодки не вышли в море из-за (по причине) шторма...
b)With air control staff out for the second day, Air France cancelled 24
flights.
По.причине (ввиду) забастовки воздушных диспетчеров.
c)As late as 1990, there were more than 2,000 people on the general
surgery waiting list with more than 60 waiting over a year. (G.)
... причём более 60 человек ждут больше года.
1.It was pretty depressing out in the street, with a gusty wind throwing handfuls of light drizzle in your face.
2.With the lower purchasing power of the ruble reducing the farmer's willingness to sell to the government, state procurements of grain are likely to amount to only 40 million tons this year, suggesting the need to double imports.
("G.")
3.Is nothing sacred? Certainly not the dollar bill; with state-of-the-art counterfeiting soon to be as available as the nearest office copier, the greenback
is scheduled for a major overhaul — the first since the bill was reduced to its current size in 1929. ("Nsw.")
4. With an estimated 500 million children threatened to death by starvation and more than 1 billion undernourished, it was terrible to hear that much of the public thought you were referring to space UFOs when you mentioned the Third World. ("MS")
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5.Clean across the space of grass, with a crowed screaming and scampering at his heels, went a huge gray elephant at an awful stride, with his trunk thrown out as rigid as a ship's bowsprit, and trumpeting like the trumpet of doom. (G.K. Chesterton)
6."I knew I could knock at the door downstairs till doomsday and you would never hear me with this music going on." (C.McCallers)
7.The Gaucho had been promising them a riot for two months now, but the time was not yet favorable: things were quiet in Caracas, with only a few small skirmishes going on in the jungles. (Th. Pynchon)
8.The story of modern family is a story of disconnections. While the social fabric becomes increasingly fragmented, families are becoming more and more dislocated with a record number of single parents, children running away from home, communities geographically and culturally separating. ("G.")
9.With more young black men destined to enter jail than college, this city (Milwaukee) has opted for a radical experiment in education and socialization: public schools designed specifically for black males.
33. Глаголы в адвербиальной функции (каузативные конструкции)
1.Aunt Alexandra stared him to silence.
2.She had tended them, mothered them into life.
3.Then there came a resounding knock on the door. For a short space Mary was shocked into immobility by the sudden tumult of the knock.
4.A group of 16 United Technologies Corporation employees have filed a suit charging that the company tried to intimidate them into abandoning their plan to form a union. ("Nsw.")
5.We're told one minute we may be blown up in a nuclear war unless we're taxed out of our homes to pay for bigger bombs.
6.Bobby had a vivid imagination. He had always thought that it was one of his best qualities. But he could not simply imagine his way out of this mess. (D. Koontz)
7. The Welsh actor nearly drunk himself out of a career during the 1970s, after which he struggled back to sobriety and stardom. ("FT')
8.She had ricocheted through three teen-age marriages, the first at 14
or 15.
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9.A small clique of powerful people run this country and swindle their way through a general election, saying anything to hang on to power. ("G.")
10.When playing chess you see a good move, the great Dr.Tarrasch advised, sit on your hands and look for a better one. That may be right for grandmaster but as every club player knows, a good move should be played quickly before you think yourself out of it. ("Ind.")
11.An electronic device used by anglers to shock worms to the soil's surface for bait is being recalled because 30 people have been electrocuted by similar instruments. ("IHT')
12.The very kindest of popes, Gregory the Great, while forbidding torture and persecution of Jews, was not above bribing them into baptism. Any Jew in Rome who converted had his rent reduced by one-third. (P.de Rosa)
13.Why do Russians have such awful taste in rock music? Hard on the heels of the news that Boris Yeltsin listened to Elvis singing "Are You Lonesome Tonight?" during the coup, comes the news that Uncle Bob Geldof is being wheeled out to hear a television concert for Russia from Paris tomorrow. If the coup leaders had thought of using Bob, they might have bored the Russian parliament into submission. ("G.")
14.In wanton disregard of its own precedents, the U.S. Supreme Court has announced that the wrongful use of a coerced confession at a criminal trial need not automatically require the reversal of a conviction. Even if the accused was clubbed into confessing, the prosecution's use of that confession can be deemed "harmless error", a minor flaw in an otherwise fair trial. ("IHT")
15.When they go to the polls next week, Norwegians are expected to vote out of office the socialist government that has presided over Norway's improving fortunes and put in its place a conservative coalition that offers little by way of substantive change. ("Nsw.")
16.The ticket touts are having a rough time. The latest plan is to starve them out of business. The burger bars, sandwich seller and tea ladies at the stadium have been asked not to serve suspicious-looking men who have a pocketful of tickets. ("T.")
17.A year ago the British Government legislated the death penalty off the statute books of Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Monserrat and Turks and Caicos Islands. ("G. ")
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34. Слова-заместители
(to do, to have; one, that; will)
1."When I came here," she explained to Mary, "nobody took any notice of me, so I thought." "Well, I'll jolly well make them notice me; I'll be mad."
"So I was, and they did."
2.British expenditure on health lags behind that of other advanced countries, the Office of Health Economics estimates.
3.The only imaginable settlement in Vietnam is one that would lead to return to the 1954 Geneva agreements.
4.Immediately there was a burst of applause from all parts of the audience. Never in my lifetime has applause done me the good that did.
5.The real fool is he who does not know himself. I was such a one too long. You have been such a one too long. Be no more. (O. Wilde)
6.We (Democrats) must always be the party committed to caring, fairness and helping hand for the disadvantaged. But our compassion must be tempered with an awareness of the limitations of the government to solve every problem. Limitations exist, people know it, and they will not believe political leaders who don't. ("Nsw.")
7. He believed the war made a stronger man as well — d eepened his commitment to God and Christianity and helped him through prayer to master the fears he sensed in himself and saw in other men. "I asked Him not to let me be a coward," Roger says, and God did not.
("Nsw.")
8.As the economy shows signs of improvement, so too will the Government's standing in the opinion polls. ("FT"')
9.I am here for having tried to put your father into prison. My attempt failed. Your father completely turned the tables on me, and had me in prison, has me there still. (0. Wilde)
10.St. Louis was never what it thinks it was. But old cities, like old families, sustain themselves on dreams of vanished grandeur. ("HM")
11.As the assistant secretary of state for international narcotic matters, Melvin Levitsky, told a House task force in July, "Let me be clear: It is not our policy to fight someone else's drug war. We never have, nor will we ever, force military assistance on any of the drug-producing countries." ("IHT")
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12.While a return to totalitarianism in Moscow now seemed out of the question, several European ministers remarked, civil strife and repression of ethnic minorities by new national states was not, as some constituent republics in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia wrested sovereignty from the wreckage of communism. ("IHT")
13.Two elegant rowing skiffs, the Liberté and the Egalité, kept up with us for longer than they could have done we had a favourable wind. ("G.")
14.The Catholic schools of New York educate as many pupils as the schools board of Washington, DC, but do so with almost exactly 1 per cent of DC's administration. ("G.")
15.Bertrand Russel said that whenever he talked to another savant, he became convinced that happiness was not possible for humans: when he talked to his gardener, he was sure that it was. ("T.")
16.When it has seemed that drinking is becoming too much of a habit I
have given it up for a few months — if only to check that one can. One can. ("T.")
17.Today's conference speech by Neil Kinnock is the last set-piece occasion before the election campaign begins for Labour to state its own agenda and communicate its distinctive vision of society — for Labour to prove that it deserves to be elected not simply because the Tories don't, not just because we could manage things better than they have. ("G.")
18.There is something about the world of business which can (and often does) defeat television producers. Normal routines of business involving documents, highly technical negotiations and accounts are hardly the stuff that attracts a mainstream audience, ("Ind.")
35. Замена частей речи
1.You give me food and drink and I'll tell you how to sail the ship.
2."Possibly the most frequent criticism we get in letters from the public is about keeping lights burning all night," a senior U.N. official said this week.
3.At the age of eighteen, George earned an honest living.
4.There was universal relief at the safe return of the three U.S. astronauts from their epic voyage to the Moon.
5.Abstentions on, and even votes against, the coming anti-union Bill are certain in the Commons.
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6.There were singing and storytelling and jokes and riddles around the fire as well as long conversations about business and politics.
7.She had a quick cigarette to steady her nerves.
8.The beer for lunch made him sleepy.
9.I can't afford foreign holidays.
10.He is an accomplished television performer.
11.That branch of the family had been reckless marriers.
12.Serious-faced James Howden entered the high-ceilinged, beigecarpeted Privy Council chamber.
13.Of course Washington was immediately recognizable because of his white mount and his customary blue and buff.
14.The BBC television comedy series "Yes Minister" has proved to be more than a delight. It has also been an eye-opener.
15.The shops were opening now and the fruitier on the opposite side of the street was putting up his sun-blind in anticipation of a fine day.
36. Различные средства выражения эмфазы (изменение порядка слов)
1.Up goes unemployment, up go prices, and down tumbles the Labour
vote.
2.Indeed, there has been an increase in the bombing since the Paris meeting started. It is bombs, not U Thant's words which are sabotaging thetalks.
3.Ulanova bid more than embellish the art of dance.
4.His audience last night may also have been less than enthusiastic about the Prime Minister's attitude towards Government spending.
5.The sun was shining and the Mediterranean was at its bluest.
6.Hard is the path of sportsmen chosen to represent Britain at the Olympic Games. They have to contend with a Government to mean to finance a team.
7.It was one of London's most famous citizens, Dr. Samuel Johnson, who said: "When a man is tired of London he is tired of life."
8.His chef was as good as any in Paris and you could be sure at his table of having set before you the earliest delicacies of the season.
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37. A Semihumorous Glimpse at Grammar Gaffes from Anguished English by Prof. R. Lederer
Mangling modifiers, или "Подъезжая к станции, у меня слетела шляпа"
While grading a student essay on John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, I was startled to read this sentence: "Having killed a man and served four years in
prison, I feel that Tom Joad is ripe to get into trouble."
Who had killed and done time (отсидеть) — the student or Tom Joad? Later in the same book report, the student explored the ending of the
novel, in which Rose of Sharon Joad, having lost a still-born baby, offers her milk-laden breast to a starving migrant worker for nourishment. Steinbeck's closing sentence reads: "She looked up and across the bar, and her lips came together and smiled mysteriously." Here is what my student wrote: "Rose of Sharon now starts to reach out to others, and the book closes with her feeding a starving man, smiling mysteriously."
Ever since, the look on that fellow's face has remained in my mind's eye. My student's two botched sentences are superb examples of the scalding
(hot) water writers can get themselves into when they misplace modifier. Many of the most amusing grammatical errors occur when ambiguous phrases and clauses end up in the wrong part of the sentence.
Here is an array of adult examples:
—Yoko Ono will talk about her husband, John Lennon, who was killed in an interview with Barbara Walters.
—Please take time to look over the brochure that is enclosed with your family.
—Calf born to farmer with two heards. |
|
—Some sources said shortly after his death Mao Tse |
Tung had expressed |
a wish that his body by cremated. |
|
—Two cards were reported stolen by Groveton police |
yesterday. |
—A 30-year old St. Petersburg man was found murdere d by his parents in his home late Saturday.
—The judge sentenced the killer to die in the elect ric chair for the second
time.
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—Here are some suggestions for handling obscene pho |
ne calls from New |
England Telephone Company. |
|
—About two years ago, a wart (бородавка) appeared on my left hand, |
|
which I wanted removed. |
|
—On the floor above him lived a redheaded instructo |
r in physical |
education, whose muscular calves he admired when they nodded to each other by the mailbox.
—Do not park your car at the taxi stand or it will |
be towed away. |
—"He's the horse of a lifetime," said trainer Packy |
Lawrence. He'll retire |
after today's race and be shipped to Kentucky, where he'll begin a career as stud
(жеребец).
—The French government is preparing commercials enc ouraging the use of condoms which are blunt enough to shock even liberal Americans.
—People who use birth control methods that smoke a lot are in danger of having retarded children.
References wanted or ambiguous meaning: a lesson from history
Croesus, the last king of Lydia and the fellow we all want to be richer than*, decided in 546 BC to make a war on Persia. Being a careful man Croesus sought advice from the oracle at Delphi. Should he invade Persia, or shouldn't he?
According to the legend the oracle answered, "If you cross the river Halys, you will destroy a mighty empire."
Croesus interpreted this sentence as a good omen and proceeded to attack Persia. But after many setbacks, the king was taken prisoner at Sardis.
The oracle had been right. By waging war on Persia, Croesus did destroy a mighty empire — his own.
King Croesus was a victim of an ambiguous reference. The oracle's prophecy contained the phrase "a mighty empire" which could have referred either to Lydia or to Persia. Because Croesus failed to analyze the sentence, his kingdom Lydia ceased to exist.
*As rich as Croesus — богат как Крёз.
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