- •Методичні вказівки та рекомендації до лінгво-стилістичного аналізу художніх творів. Зразок аналізу текстів публіцистичного стилю.
- •7.010103 «Філологія ( англійська)» окр “Спеціаліст”
- •Approximate Scheme of the Analysis of a Fiction Text
- •Types of Stylistic Devices Phonetic Stylistic Devices
- •Lexico-semantic Stylistic Devices (Figures of substitution)
- •Figures of combination
- •Syntactic stylistic devices
- •Art for heart’s sake
- •The analysis of the text “Art for heart’s sake”
- •British and american newspapers
- •Vocabulary parameters of English newspaper style.
- •2. Grammatical parameters of newspaper English.
- •3. Stylistic devices.
- •4. Specific compositional design of newspaper articles.
- •Translation of newspaper headlines
- •The scheme of rendering the newspaper article
- •Words and phrases used in the rendering
- •The sample of rendering the newspaper article
- •External Tests or University Exams?
- •The Model
- •Lexical minimum for English practical course
- •If you want a thing well done, do it yourself. - proverb
- •4. Somebody's studies
- •I just wanted to take him in my arms.
- •It can be seen that/we can see that
- •In confidence
- •In strict/the strictest confidence
- •I feel quite confident about the future.
- •It is doubtful if/whether
- •It is doubtful that
- •It pains somebody to do something
- •It is/seems odd (that)
- •In colour
- •In admiration
- •Inspire somebody to do something
- •Inspire somebody to something
- •It's turned 2 o'clock/5/midday etc
- •Список рекомендованої літератури
- •7.010103 «Філологія ( англійська)» окр “Спеціаліст”
- •89600 М. Мукачево
It can be seen that/we can see that
From this graph, it can be seen that some people are more susceptible to the disease.
As we have seen in chapter 4, women's pay is generally less than men's.
5. IN THE FUTURE
[intransitive and transitive]to find out about something in the future
see if/whether
It will be interesting to see if he makes it into the team.
see how/what/when etc
I might come - I'll see how I feel tomorrow. Let's try it and see what happens.
see how it goes/see how things go (=used when you are going to do something and will deal with problems if they happen)
I don't know. We'll just have to see how it goes on Sunday.
Things will work out, you'll see (=you will find out that I am right) .
6. WHERE INFORMATION IS
[transitive only in imperative] especially written used to tell you where you can find information
see above/below The results are shown in Table 7a (see below).
7. UNDERSTAND
[intransitive and transitive]to understand or realize something
see why/what/how etc
I can't see why he's so upset.
I see what you mean (=I understand what you are saying) .'
see reason/sense (=realize that you are wrong or doing something stupid)
I just can't get her to see reason!
8. WATCH
[transitive] to watch a television programme, play, film etc
Did you see that programme on monkeys last night?
We're going to see 'Romeo and Juliet' tonight.
9. CONSIDER SOMETHING
[transitive]to think about or consider someone or something in a particular way, or as having particular qualities
Having a child makes you see things differently.
Violence is seen in different ways by different people.
as somebody sees it/the way somebody sees it (=used to give someone's opinion)
As I see it, you don't have any choice. The way I see it, we have two options.
see somebody/something as something
I see the job as a challenge.
see yourself as something
He saw himself as a failure.
be seen as (being) something
The peace talks are seen as a sign of hope. This type of work is often seen as boring.
be seen to be something
Sexual discrimination is seen to be an important factor in discouraging women from careers in engineering.
Teachers need to be seen to be in control.
10. see what somebody/something can do
spoken
a) to find out if someone can deal with a situation or problem
see what somebody/something can do about
I'll call them again and see what they can do about it.
b) to find out how good someone or something is at what they are supposed to be able to do
Let's take the Porsche out to the racetrack and see what it can do!
11. I'll see what I can do
spoken used to say that you will try to help someone
Leave the papers with me and I'll see what I can do.
12. see you
spoken used to say goodbye when you know you will see someone again
see you tomorrow/at 3/Sunday etc
See you Friday - your place at 8:30.
see you later (=see you soon, or later in the same day)
see you in a bit British English (=see you soon)
see you in a while (=see you soon)
(I'll) be seeing you! (=see you soon)
13. VISIT
[transitive] to visit or meet someone
I'll be seeing her tomorrow night. I haven't seen her since we left school.
14. MEET BY CHANCE
[transitive not in progressive] to meet someone by chance
I saw Jane while I was out.
15. HAVE A MEETING
[transitive] to have an arranged meeting with someone
Mr Thomas is seeing a client at 2:30. She was seen by a doctor but didn't need hospital treatment.
see somebody about something
(=see someone to discuss something)
I have to see my teacher about my grades.
16. SPEND TIME WITH SOMEBODY
[transitive]to spend time with someone
They've been seeing a lot of each other.
see more/less of somebody (=see someone more or less often)
They've seen more of each other since Dan moved to London.
17. be seeing somebody
to be having a romantic relationship with someone
Is she seeing anyone at the moment?
18. IMAGINE
[transitive not in progressive] to imagine that something may happen in the future
He could see a great future for her in music.
can't see somebody/something doing something
I can't see him winning, can you? She's got a new book coming out but I can't see it doing very well.
see somebody as something
(=be able to imagine someone being something)
I just can't see her as a ballet dancer.
19. seeing as (how)
informal also seeing that
used before giving a reason for what you are saying
'I might as well do something useful, seeing as I'm back,' she said.
20. be seen to be doing something
to make sure that other people notice you working hard or doing something good
The government must be seen to be doing something about the rise in violent crime.
21. see something for what it is
also see somebody for what they are
to realize that someone or something is not as good or nice as they seem
They are unimpressed with the scheme and rightly see it for what it is.
22. MAKE SURE
[transitive not in progressive] to make sure or check that something is done
see (that)
Don't worry - I'll see to it . The hotel's owners see to it that their guests are given every luxury.
23. EXPERIENCE SOMETHING
[transitive not in progressive] to experience something
She was so sick that doctors didn't think she'd live to see her first birthday. I never thought I'd live to see the day when women became priests.
24. TIME/PLACE
[transitive] if a time or place has seen a particular event or situation, it happened or existed in that time or place
This year has seen a big increase in road accidents. The city has seen plenty of violence over the years.
25. let me see
also let's see
spoken used when you are trying to remember something
Let me see ... where did I put that letter?
26. I don't see why not
spoken used to say 'yes' in answer to a request
'Can we go to the park?' 'I don't see why not.'
27. GO WITH SOMEBODY
[transitive always + adverb/preposition] to go somewhere with someone to make sure they are safe
My mother used to see me across the road. I'll get Nick to see you home .
Let me see you to the door (=go with you to the door, to say goodbye) .
28. be seeing things
to imagine that you see someone or something which is not really there
There's no one there - you must be seeing things.
29. see double
if you see double, something is wrong with your eyes, so that you see two things when there is only one
30. have seen better days
informal to be in a bad condition
Her hat had seen better days.
31. be glad/pleased etc to see the back of somebody/something
British English spoken to be pleased when someone leaves or when you get rid of something, because you do not like them
I'll be glad to see the back of him. I won't be sorry to see the back of this place.
32. see the last of somebody/something
a) to not see someone or something again, especially someone or something you do not like
I thought we'd seen the last of him. It was a relief to see the last of them.
b) to not have to deal with something any more
Police had hoped they'd seen the last of the joyriding. We may not have seen the last of this controversy.
33. see the light
a) to realize that something is true
She finally saw the light and ended the relationship.
b) to have a special experience that makes you believe in a religion
34. see the light of day
a) if something sees the light of day, it is brought out so that people can see it
This decision will ensure that the Pentagon Papers never see the light of day.
b) to start to exist
This type of PC first saw the light of day in 1981.
35. see red
to become very angry
The thought of Pierre with Nicole had made her see red.
36. not see somebody for dust
British English informal if you do not see someone for dust, they leave a place very quickly in order to avoid something
37. see eye to eye [usually in negatives] if two people see eye to eye, they agree with each other
We didn't exactly see eye to eye.
see eye to eye with
I don't always see eye to eye with my father.
see eye to eye on/about
We don't see eye to eye on business issues.
38. seen one ... seen them all
informal used to say that something is boring because it is very similar to other things
When you've seen one of these programmes, you've seen them all.
39. see your way (clear) to doing something
formal to be able and willing to do something
Small companies cannot see their way to taking on many trainees.
40. (see and) be seen
to look at or be noticed by important or fashionable people
Royal Ascot is the place to see and be seen.
41. not see the wood for the trees
also not see the forest for the trees American English to be unable to understand what is important in a situation because you are thinking too much about small details rather than the whole situation
42. see something coming
to realize that there is going to be a problem before it actually happens
John's going to have a lot of trouble with him. You can see it coming.
43. see somebody coming (a mile off)
British English spoken to recognize that someone will be easy to trick or deceive
You paid £500 for that! They must have seen you coming!
44. see somebody right
British English spoken to make sure that someone gets what they need or want, especially money
Just do this for me and I'll see you right. Tell the landlord I sent you and he'll see you right.
45. not see that it matters
spoken to think that something is not important
I can't see that it matters what I think.
46. GAME OF CARDS
[transitive] to risk the same amount of money as your opponent in a card game
see about something phrasal verb
1. to make arrangements or deal with something
I'd better see about dinner.
see about doing something
Claire's gone to see about getting tickets for the concert.
2. we'll see about that
spoken
a) also we'll have to see about that
used to say that you do not know if something will be possible
'I want to go to Joshua's tonight.' 'Well, we'll have to see about that.'
b) also we'll soon see about that
used to say that you intend to stop someone from doing what they were planning to do
see something against something phrasal verb
to consider something together with something else
The unemployment data must be seen against the background of world recession.
see around phrasal verb
1. see somebody around
to notice someone regularly in places you go to, but not talk to them
I don't know who he is but I've seen him around.
2. see you around
spoken used to say goodbye to someone when you have not made a definite arrangement to meet again
3. see around/round something
British English to visit a place and walk around looking at it
Would you like to see round the house?
1. not know what somebody sees in somebody
also what does somebody see in somebody?
used to say that you do not know why someone likes someone else
I don't know what she sees in him.
2. see something in somebody/something
to notice a particular quality in someone or something that makes you like them
He saw a gentleness in Susan.
3. see somebody in
to go with someone to make sure they arrive at a building or room
He took her home and after seeing her in, drove off without a word.
4. see in the New Year
to celebrate the beginning of a new year
see somebody/something ↔ off phrasal verb
1. to defeat someone or stop them from competing against you
To see off the threat, the company will have to cut its prices still further.
to go to an airport, train station etc to say goodbye to someone
They've gone to the airport to see their son off.
3. also see somebody off something
to force someone to leave a place
Security guards saw him off the premises.
see somebody/something out phrasal verb
1. to go to the door with someone to say goodbye to them when they leave
I'll see you out. Don't worry, I can see myself out (=leave the building without anyone coming with me) .
2. see something ↔ out
to continue doing something or being somewhere until a particular period of time or an unpleasant event is finished
Connolly has promised to see out the remaining 18 months of his contract. She saw out her last years at Sudeley Castle.
see over something phrasal verb
to look at something large such as a house, especially in order to decide if you want to buy it
see through phrasal verb
1. see through somebody/something
to realize that someone is trying to deceive you
I saw through his excuses.
I could never lie to her because I know she'd see through me straight away. I can't bluff - she'd see right through me .
2. see something through
to continue doing something until it is finished, especially something difficult or unpleasant
It'll take a lot of effort to see the project through.
3. see somebody through (something)
to give help and support to someone during a difficult time
Setting goals should help see you through.
I've got enough money to see me through six months of unemployment.
4. see something through somebody's eyes
to see something or think about it in the way that someone else does
The world is very different when seen through the eyes of a child.
see to somebody/something phrasal verb
to deal with something or do something for someone
Go on, you go out. I'll see to the washing up have/get something seen to You should get that tooth seen to by a dentist.
Look verb
1. SEE
[intransitive] to turn your eyes towards something, so that you can see it
We sneaked out while Jessie's mom wasn't looking.
If you look carefully you can see that the painting represents a human figure.
look at
'It's time we left,' Ian said, looking at his watch. The men all turned to look at her as she entered the room.
look away/over/down etc
Dad looked up from his paper and smiled. 'We can't go out in this weather,' said Bob, looking out of the window.
2. SEARCH
[intransitive] to try to find something
I looked everywhere but Jimmy was nowhere to be found.
look for
Could you help me look for my contact lens? If you're looking for a bargain, try the local market.
look in/under/between etc
Try looking under the bed.
3. SEEM
[linking verb]to seem
From the way things look at the moment, the Republicans are unlikely to win this election.
look good/bad etc
The future's looking good.
it looks as if/as though/like (=it seems likely that) It looks as if it might rain later.
4. APPEARANCE
[linking verb]to have a particular appearance
How do I look?
look tired/happy/sad etc You look tired.
look as if/as though/like He looked as if he hadn't washed for a week.
5. look daggers at somebody
informal to look at someone with a very angry expression on your face
6 look somebody up and down
to look at someone carefully from their head to their feet, as if you were forming an opinion about them
7. look somebody in the eye
to look directly at someone when you are speaking to them, especially to show that you are not afraid of them or that you are telling the truth
Owen didn't dare look his father in the eye.
8. look down your nose at somebody/something
to behave as if you think that someone or something is not good enough for you
He looks down his nose at anyone foreign.
9. look the other way
to ignore something bad that is happening and not try to stop it
Prison guards looked the other way as the man was attacked by fellow prisoners.
10. look no further
used to say that something you are offering is exactly what someone has been trying to find
Want a quiet country retreat for your weekend break? Then look no further!
11. FACE A DIRECTION◀
[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if a building looks in a particular direction, it faces that direction
The cabin looks east, so we get the morning sun.
12. look before you leap
used to say that it is sensible to think about possible dangers or difficulties of something before doing it
13. be looking to do something
informal to be planning or expecting to do something
We're looking to buy a new car early next year.
14. spoken look
a) used to tell someone to look at something that you think is interesting, surprising etc
Look! There's a fox!
b) used to get someone's attention so that you can suggest something or tell them something
Look. Why don't you think about it and give me your answer tomorrow?
15 spoken look out!
used to warn someone that they are in danger
16. spoken look at that!
used to tell someone to look at something that you think is interesting, bad etc
Look at that! What a horrible mess!
17. spoken look who's here!
used when someone arrives unexpectedly
Well, look who's here! It's Jill and Paul!
18 spoken don't look now
used to say that you have seen someone but do not want them to know you have noticed them
Oh no! Don't look now but here comes Tony.
19. spoken look what you're doing/look where you're going etc
used to tell someone to be careful
Look where you're putting your feet! There's mud all over the carpet!
20. spoken look what you've done!
used to angrily tell someone to look at the result of a mistake they have made or something bad they have done
Look what you've done - my jacket's ruined!
21. spoken look here
old-fashioned used to get someone's attention in order to tell them something, especially when you are annoyed with them
Look here, you can't say things like that to me!
22. spoken (I'm) just looking
used when you are in a shop, to say that you are only looking at things, but do not intend to buy anything now
'Can I help you?' 'No, thanks. I'm just looking.'
look after somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to take care of someone by helping them, giving them what they need, or keeping them safe
Don't worry, I'll look after the kids tomorrow. Susan looked after us very well.
2. to be responsible for dealing with something
ᅳsynonym take care of I'm leaving you here to look after the business until I get back.
3. look after yourself
spoken especially British English used when you are saying goodbye to someone in a friendly way
4 can look after yourself
to not need anyone else to take care of you
Don't worry about Maisie - she can look after herself.
look ahead phrasal verb
to think about and plan for what might happen in the future
Looking ahead, we must expect radical changes to be made in our system of government.
look around phrasal verb
1. to try to find something
look around for
Jason's going to start looking around for a new job.
2. look around/round (something)
to look at what is in a place such as a building, shop, town etc, especially when you are walking
Do we have to pay to look around the castle? Let's look round the shops.
look at somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to turn your eyes towards something, so that you can see it
The twins looked at each other and smiled.
2. to read something quickly in order to form an opinion of it
I really can't comment on the report - I haven't had time to look at it yet.
3. to examine something and try to find out what is wrong with it
You should get the doctor to look at that cut. Can you look at my car?
4. to study and think about something, especially in order to decide what to do
We need to look very carefully at ways of improving our efficiency.
5. look at somebody/something!
spoken used to mention someone or something as an example
You don't have to be smart to be good at music - look at Gary.
6. to think about something in a particular way
ᅳsynonym see I'd like to be friends again, but Richard doesn't look at it that way.
7. not much to look at
informal if someone or something is not much to look at, they are not attractive
look back phrasal verb
1. to think about something that happened in the past
look back on/to
When I look back on those days I realize I was desperately unhappy.
Looking back on it , I still can't figure out what went wrong.
2. never look back
to become more and more successful, especially after a particular success
After winning the scholarship he never looked back.
look down on somebody/something phrasal verb
to think that you are better than someone else, for example because you are more successful, or of a higher social class than they are
Mr Garcia looks down on anyone who hasn't had a college education.
look for somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to try to find something that you have lost, or someone who is not where they should be
ᅳsynonym search for
I'm looking for Steve - have you seen him? Detectives are still looking for the escaped prisoner.
2. be looking for somebody/something
to be trying to find a particular kind of thing or person
I'm sorry, we're really looking for someone with no family commitments.
be (just) what/who you are looking for 'Salubrious'! That's just the word I was looking for.
3. be looking for trouble
informal to be behaving in a way that makes it likely that problems or violence will happen
They walked into a bar looking for trouble.
look forward to something phrasal verb
to be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen
I'm really looking forward to our vacation.
look forward to doing something
My mother says she's looking forward to meeting you.
look in phrasal verb
to make a short visit to someone, while you are going somewhere else, especially if they are ill or need help
ᅳsynonym drop in, call in
look in on
I promised to look in on Dad and see if he's feeling any better.
look into something phrasal verb
to try to find out the truth about a problem, crime etc in order to solve it
ᅳsynonym investigate
Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.
look on phrasal verb
1. to watch something happening, without being involved in it or trying to stop it
Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on in silence.
2. look on somebody/something
also look upon somebody/something
to consider someone or something in a particular way, or as a particular thing
look on as
I look on him as a good friend.
look on with
Strangers to the village are looked upon with a mixture of fear and suspicion.
look something ↔ out phrasal verb
to search for and find a particular thing among your possessions
I'll look out some of my old books for you.
look out for somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to pay attention to what is happening around you, so that you will notice a particular person or thing if you see them
Look out for your Aunt while you're at the station.
2. to try to make sure that someone is treated well
My older brother always looked out for me when we were kids
look out for yourself/number one (=think only of the advantages you can get for yourself)
look something/somebody ↔ over phrasal verb
to examine something quickly, without paying much attention to detail
Do you have a few minutes to look these samples over?
look round phrasal verb
to look around
look through somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to look for something among a pile of papers, in a drawer, in someone's pockets etc
ᅳsynonym go through
I've looked through all my papers but I still can't find the contract.
2. to not notice or pretend not to notice someone you know, even though you see them
look straight/right through somebody
I saw Fiona in the street yesterday and she looked straight through me.
look to somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to depend on someone to provide help, advice etc
look to somebody/something for
We look to you for support.
look to somebody to do something
They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.
2. to pay attention to something, especially in order to improve it
We must look to our defences.
look up phrasal verb
1. if a situation is looking up, it is improving
ᅳsynonym improve, get better Now the summer's here things are looking up !
2. look something ↔up
if you look up information in a book, on a computer etc, you try to find it there
Look the word up in your dictionary. I'll just look up the train times.
3. look somebody ↔up
to visit someone you know, especially when you are in the place where they live for a different reason
Don't forget to look me up when you come to Atlanta.
look up to somebody phrasal verb
to admire or respect someone
I've always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.
Admit verb past tense and past participle admitted present participle admitting
1. ACCEPT TRUTH
[intransitive and transitive]to agree unwillingly that something is true or that someone else is right
'Okay, so maybe I was a little bit scared,' Jenny admitted.
admit (that)
You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.
admit to somebody (that)
Paul admitted to me that he sometimes feels jealous of my friendship with Stanley.
I must admit , I didn't actually do anything to help her. Admit it! I'm right, aren't I?
admit (to) doing something
Dana admitted feeling hurt by what I had said.
freely/openly/frankly etc admit (=admit without being ashamed)
Phillips openly admits to having an alcohol problem.
2. ACCEPT BLAME
[intransitive and transitive]to say that you have done something wrong, especially something criminal
ᅳsynonym confess
ᅳopposite deny
admit doing something
Greene admitted causing death by reckless driving.
admit to (doing) something
A quarter of all workers admit to taking time off when they are not ill. After questioning, he admitted to the murder.
3. ALLOW TO ENTER
[transitive]to allow someone to enter a public place to watch a game, performance etc
ᅳsee also admittance, admission
admit somebody to/into something
Only ticket-holders will be admitted into the stadium.
4. ALLOW TO JOIN
[transitive] to allow someone to join an organization, club etc
admit somebody to/into something
Drake was admitted into the club in 1997.
5. HOSPITAL
[transitive] if people at a hospital admit someone, that person is taken in to be given treatment, tests, or care
What time was she admitted?
be admitted to hospital
British English be admitted to the hospital
American English
6. admit defeat
to stop trying to do something because you realize you cannot succeed
For Haskill, selling the restaurant would be admitting defeat.
7. admit evidence
to allow a particular piece of evidence to be used in a court of law
Courts can refuse to admit evidence obtained illegally by police.
admit of something phrasal verb
if a situation admits of a particular explanation, that explanation can be accepted as possible
The facts admit of no other explanation.
Confide verb transitive
1. to tell someone you trust about personal things that you do not want other people to know
confide to somebody that
He confided to his friends that he didn't have much hope for his marriage.
2. formal to give something you value to someone you trust so they look after it for you
confide something to somebody
He confided his money to his brother's safekeeping.
confide in somebody phrasal verb
to tell someone about something very private or secret, especially a personal problem, because you feel you can trust them
I've never felt able to confide in my sister.
Confidence noun
1. FEELING SOMEBODY/SOMETHING IS GOOD◀
[uncountable] the feeling that you can trust someone or something to be good, work well, or produce good results
confidence in
Our first priority is to maintain the customer's confidence in our product.
The survey reveals a general lack of confidence in the police.
2. BELIEF IN YOURSELF
[uncountable]the belief that you have the ability to do things well or deal with situations successfully
confidence in
Minton is an outstanding boxer, with tremendous confidence in his own ability.
I didn't have any confidence in myself.
lack confidence/be lacking in confidence
She's a good student, but she lacks confidence.
Living on her own in a foreign country for a year gave her a lot of confidence .
confidence to do something
Good training will give a beginner the confidence to enjoy skiing.
gain (in)/lose confidence
You do lose confidence when you spend years and years at home with children.
somebody's confidence is growing/somebody is growing in confidence
I felt I was doing well and my confidence began to grow.
boost/increase etc somebody's confidence (=make someone feel more confident)
shake/damage etc somebody's confidence (=make someone feel less confident)
Julie's confidence was badly shaken by her car accident.
with confidence
Our goal is to prepare students to go into the business world with confidence.
3. FEELING SOMETHING IS TRUE
[uncountable]the feeling that something is definite or true
say/speak/predict etc with confidence
How can anyone say with confidence that the recession is over?
confidence in
I have complete confidence in Mr Wright's analysis of the situation.
have confidence (that)
I have every confidence that the job will be completed satisfactorily on time.
4. gain/win/earn somebody's confidence
if you gain someone's confidence, they begin to trust you
After a discouraging start, the young priest had begun to win the confidence of the villagers.
5. KEEP INFORMATION SECRET
[uncountable]if you tell someone something in confidence, you tell them something on the understanding that they will not tell anyone else
ᅳsee also confide