goi_i_v_smelyanska_t_p_pidpriemnictvo

ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨ, ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ, ɳɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɜ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

Ʌɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ – ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɤɨɥɟɝɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɪɚɞ ɞɥɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ ɧɚ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɜɢɞɚɽ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ’ɹ, ɧɚ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɡɟɧɧɹ – Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ, ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɡ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ, ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɨɦ, ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɟɸ ɩɿɪɨɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɫɨɛɚɦɢ – Ɇȼɋ, ɜɢɩɭɫɤ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɥɨɬɟɪɟɣ – Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɿɜ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɦ ɽ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɱɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɤɨɥɟɝɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɦɨɠɟ ɞɟɥɟɝɭɜɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɦ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɦ.

ɋɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɣ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɩɟɜɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɚɛɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɱɢ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɹɜɨɸ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɚɡɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

ɍ ɡɚɹɜɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɫɹ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɚɧɿ: 1) ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ – ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ:

–ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɛɚɧɤɿɜɫɶɤɿ ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɢ, ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɤɨɞ – ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ;

–ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ, ɿɦ’ɹ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ, ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ (ɫɟɪɿɹ, ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɤɢɦ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɢɞɚɧɢɣ, ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ), ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ – ɞɥɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ;

2)ɜɢɞ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ ɮɿɥɿɣ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɨʀ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɭ ɡɚɹɜɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ʀɯ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ.

Ⱦɨ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ. ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɚ Ɋɚɞɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɧ ɞɨ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɯ ɚɤɬɿɜ (ɳɨɞɨ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɚɩɟɪɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɬɹɝɿɜ (ɞɨɜɿɞɨɤ) ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɿɜ ɬɚ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣ)». Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɧɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɛɭɞɟ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɜɢɩɢɫɤɢ – ɨɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɚɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɬɢɦɟ ɞɚɧɿ ɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɸ, ɞɨ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɜɢɱɟɪɩɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [24].

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ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ:

1)ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɤɨɩɿɹ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɫɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɨ-ɟɩɿɞɟɦɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɢ, ɜɢɞɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɹɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɶ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɫɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ;

2)ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɨɦ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ – ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ (ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɸ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɭɦɨɜɚɦɢ) ɩɪɨ:

–ɫɬɚɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɚɡɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ;

–ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ;

–ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɿ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɬɚɠɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.

Ɂɚɹɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ, ɹɤɳɨ:

–ɡɚɹɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɚ (ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɚ) ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ ɧɚ ɰɟ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɶ;

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɿ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɢɦɨɝ.

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɳɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ, ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ʀʀ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɭ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɢɩɪɨɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɚɹɜɢ.

ɉɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ) ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ. ɍ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ.

ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɽ:

–ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

–ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɦ ɭɦɨɜɚɦ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɡɚɹɜɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɭ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɟ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɢ ɦɿɫɹɰɿ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɦ ɭɦɨɜɚɦ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ,

42

ɜɤɚɡɚɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɡɚɹɜɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɭ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɳɨ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ. Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɨ ɭ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ.

Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɪɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ, ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɿ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ, ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɝɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɭɦɨɜ ɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ, ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɡɚɹɜ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɿɜ. Ⱦɨ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɜ’ɹ- ɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ, ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ:

–ɜɢɞɨɛɭɬɨɤ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɰɿɧɧɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɜ ɿ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɰɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɦɿɧɧɹ;

–ɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɭ ɡɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɦ, ɡɚ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɦ;

–ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɭ ɜ ɨɛɫɹɝɚɯ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɸɬɶ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɭɦɨɜɚɦɢ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ, ɤɨɥɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɨɸ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɽɸ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ.

ɍ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ:

–ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɜɢɞɚɜ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ;

–ɜɢɞ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɜɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɸ ɬɪɟɬɶɨɸ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ 9 Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ» (ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɚɛɨ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨ), ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɹ;

–ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ, ɿɦ’ɹ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɤɨɞ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ;

–ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɞɚɬɚ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

–ɫɬɪɨɤ ɞɿʀ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ;

–ɩɨɫɚɞɚ, ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ ɬɚ ɿɧɿɰɿɚɥɢ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɥɚ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ;

–ɞɚɬɚ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɡɚ ɬɪɢ ɪɨɛɨɱɿ ɞɧɿ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

əɤɳɨ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɢɞɰɹɬɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ,

43

ɚɛɨ ɧɟ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɜɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɨʀ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɣ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɜ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ, ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

Ʌɿɰɟɧɡɿɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ. Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɨɛɦɟɠɢɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɞɿʀ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚɥɟ ɰɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɦɟɧɲɢɦ, ɧɿɠ ɩ’ɹɬɶ ɪɨɤɿɜ.

Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɜɢɞɚɧɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɦ ɽ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɱɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɤɨɥɟɝɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɿɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɜɢɞɚɧɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɦ ɽ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɿ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬɚ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɨʀ ɧɢɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɞɚɽ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬɭ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɿ ɧɢɦ ɤɨɩɿʀ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɹɤɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɿ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɡɚɹɜ ɬɚ ɜɢɞɚɧɢɯ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ, ɤɨɥɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɜɢɞ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ʀʀ ɞɿʀ, ɹɤɳɨ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɜɿɧ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɧɨɜɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ. ɇɨɜɚ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɹ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɣ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɿʀ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜɢɞɚɧɨʀ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

Ʌɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ ɚɛɨ ʀʀ ɤɨɩɿɸ ɿɧɲɿɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.

Ⱦɨ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɡɟɧɧɹ ɩɚɫɚɠɢɪɿɜ ɿ ɜɚɧɬɚɠɿɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɣ ɡɚɫɿɛ.

ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɽ:

–ɡɦɿɧɚ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ (ɹɤɳɨ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ) ɚɛɨ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ, ɿɦ’ɹ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɡɦɿɧɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɡɦɿɧɢ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬɨɦ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.

Ʌɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬ, ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɜ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɚ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ʌɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɫɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɳɨ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

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ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚ ɹɤɟ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɢɞɚɧɚ ɤɨɩɿɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɢɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ. Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɞɨ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ.

ɋɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɟɞɟ ȯɞɢ-

ɧɢɣ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ, ɹɤɢɣ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ:

1)ɩɪɨ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɞɚɜ ɧɨɜɭ (ɩɟɪɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɭ) ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ ɚɛɨ ɞɭɛɥɿɤɚɬ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

2)ɩɪɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɢɣ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɜ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ;

3)ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚɧɚ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɹ;

4)ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɪɨɛɿɬ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ, ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɹɤɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɫ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɜɢɞɚɧɨɸ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɽɸ;

4)ɩɪɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɞɿʀ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

5)ɩɪɨ ɮɿɥɿʀ, ɿɧɲɿ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɜɢɞɚɧɨɸ ɤɨɩɿɽɸ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

6)ɩɪɨ ɫɬɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ (ɞɿɸɱɚ, ɚɧɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɚ, ɜɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɧɟɞɿɣɫɧɨɸ). ɓɨɦɿɫɹɰɹ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ

ɩɨɧɚɞ 20 ɬɢɫɹɱ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɿ ɧɟɞɿɣɫɧɢɦɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ.

ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɽ:

–ɡɚɹɜɚ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬɚ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

–ɚɤɬ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɟ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬɨɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ;

–ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ;

–ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɚ ɤɨɩɿɹ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɚɤɬ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ;

–ɚɤɬ ɩɪɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɮɚɤɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɚɛɨ ʀʀ ɤɨɩɿʀ ɿɧɲɿɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ;

–ɚɤɬ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɩɨɪɹɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɶ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ;

–ɚɤɬ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ;

–ɚɤɬ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɽ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ

45

ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ. Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɨ ɭ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ.

ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɸ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɞɿɣ ɡ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɭ [191]

ɍɫɮɟɪɚɯ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɿɡ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɟɸ ɡɚ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿ ɤɨɲɬɢ (ɝɨɬɿɜɤɭ, ɱɟɤɢ,

ɚɪɿɜɧɨ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ), ɨɛɦɿɧɨɦ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɢɯ ɰɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ (ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɿɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɿ, ɬɚ ɡ ɩɥɚɬɿɠɧɢɦɢ ɤɚɪɬɤɚɦɢ), ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɦɨɠɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ.

Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ – ɰɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɟ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ, ɹɤɟ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɣɦɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ. ɋɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ – ɰɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɟ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ, ɹɤɟ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɩɨ ɦɿɫɰɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭ ɡɚɹɜɤɭ. Ɂɚɹɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɦɿɫ-

ɬɢɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɢ:

ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ;ɜɢɬɹɝ ɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɭ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɩɿ-

ɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ (ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ) ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ, ɿɡ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɤɨɸ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ;ɜɢɞ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɩɪɢɞ-

ɛɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭ;ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɜɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɭ ɨɩɥɚɬɭ ɜɚɪɬɨɫɬɿ

ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɯ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭ ɧɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ.

Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɥɚɬɭ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɦɿɫɰɸ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɦɿɫɰɸ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ (ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ) ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ, ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ (ɤɪɿɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɧɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ), – ɩɨ ɦɿɫɰɸ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ɩɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɸ ɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɚ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɧɭ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɭ ɦɟɪɟɠɭ, – ɩɨ ɦɿɫɰɸ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɰɢɯ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ. Ɍɟɪɦɿɧ ɞɿʀ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭ ɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ 12 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɯ

46

ɦɿɫɹɰɿɜ. Ɍɟɪɦɿɧ ɞɿʀ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɫɬɪɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭ ɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ 1 ɞɨ 15 ɞɧɿɜ.

ɍ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽ ɤɜɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɱɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɢɣ ɨɛɫɹɝ (ɤɜɨɬɢ) ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɱɢ ɨɛɿɝɭ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɤɜɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚ/ɚɛɨ ɨɛɿɝɭ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɟɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɬɚ ɿɦɩɨɪɬ), ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɤɜɨɬ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

Ʌɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɤɜɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɽ ɡɚɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.

Ⱦɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ – ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɦɿɠ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɜɢɞɚɱɟɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ. Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɬɢ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɬɚ ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɿ ɞɨ ɉɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ (ɧɚ 1.01.2012 ɪɨɤɭ – 143 ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ) [36] (ɞɢɜ. ɞɨɞɚɬɨɤ Ⱥ).

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ – ɞɨɡɜɿɥ, ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ɩɨ-

ɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɨ, ɿɧɲɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɹɤɢɣ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɞɚɬɢ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɣɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ. ɋɬɪɨɤ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɹɤɳɨ ɿɧɲɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ (Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ»). ɍ ɪɚɡɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɜ ɡɚɹɜɭ ɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɞɧɿɜ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɜ ɧɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɨɜɱɚɡɧɨʀ ɡɝɨɞɢ.

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɨɜɱɚɡɧɨʀ ɡɝɨɞɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ (ɜɢɞɿɜ) ɛɟɡ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ (ɹɤɳɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɚɧɨ) ɭ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɜɫɿɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ. Ʉɨɩɿɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɬɭ ʀɯ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɽ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɢ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ.

Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ – ɰɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ, ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɟɰɶ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɟɡ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ, ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ (ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɚɛɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ) ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɚɡɢ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɱɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ. ɉɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɸ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɭ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ

47

ʋ 725 ɜɿɞ 25.08.2010. ȼɿɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ 91 ɜɢɞ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭɸɬɶ 144 ɞɿʀ ɬɚ ɜɢɞɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ. Ȼɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɣ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɟ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɪɹɞɨɜɿɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɿ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ, ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ [12].

Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɡɨɪɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɿ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɸɬɶ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢ (ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ), ɹɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɿɣ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ.

ɉɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɧɚɧɶ

1.Ɂ ɩɪɢɡɜɿɳɚɦɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɬɟɨɪɿʀ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ?

2.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ

3.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ

4.ȼ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ «ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ» ɬɚ «ɛɿɡɧɟɫ»?

5.əɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɭ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɿ?

6.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ

7.əɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ?

8.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ

9.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɬɚ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ʀʀ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ

10.əɤɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬɚ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ?

11.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ, ɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɬɚ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ

12.əɤɿ ɽ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ?

13.əɤɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɚ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ?

14.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ

15.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ

16.Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ

17.ɑɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɬɢ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɥɿɤɿɜ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɭ?

18.əɤɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɚɞɚɧɚ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɟɜɿ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɭ?

19.əɤɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ ɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɱɢɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ?

20.ɇɚɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ

21.ȼɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ «ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɹ», «ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɚɬ», «ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ»

22.əɤɿ ɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ?

23.Ⱦɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ?

24.ɓɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɨɜɱɚɡɧɨʀ ɡɝɨɞɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ?

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	ɊɈɁȾȱɅ	2
ȽȺɅɍɁȱ ɌȺ ȼɂȾɂ
ȽɈɋɉɈȾȺɊɋɖɄɈȲ ȾȱəɅɖɇɈɋɌȱ

2.1ȼɢɞɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ

2.2ɉɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɝɚɥɭɡɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɬɿ, ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ, ɥɿɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɛɭɞɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ. ȱɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ

2.3Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɟ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ

2.4Ɏɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɟ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ

2.5ɉɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ

2.1ȼɢɞɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ

Ȼɭɞɶ-ɹɤɟ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɬɿɽɸ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɮɚɡɚɦɢ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɭ– ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ, ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦ ɪɨɛɿɬ ɿ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɨɛɦɿɧɨɦ ɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɨɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ʀɯ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹɦ. Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡɰɢɦ ɿɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɸɸɬɶɫɹɜɢɞɢɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.

ɍ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɸ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɽ ɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɜɢɞɢ:

1)ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɟ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ – ɰɟ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɿ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɛɭɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɯɚɪɱɨɜɨʀ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɬɿ, ɛɭɞɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ;

2)ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɟ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ – ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɿɝɭ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɩɨɦɿɠɧɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɹɤɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ʀʀ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɞɨ ɫɮɟɪɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɿ ɞɨɦɢ, ɨɩɬɨɜɿ ɛɚɡɢ, ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɪɨɡɞɪɿɛɧɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ; ɬɨɜɚɪɧɿ ɛɿɪɠɿ; ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɿɜɨɹɠɟɪɚ, ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛ’ɸɬɨɪɚ, ɛɪɨɤɟɪɚ, ɞɢɥɟɪɚɧɚɬɨɜɚɪɧɿɣɛɿɪɠɿ, ɤɨɦɿɫɿɨɧɟɪɚ, ɤɨɧɫɢɝɧɚɧɬɚ;

3)ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɟ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ, ɳɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɨɛɿɝɨɦ ɜɚɪɬɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɏɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɟ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɟ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɢɰɬɜɨ, ɫɬɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɩɨɦɿɠɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɿɜ ɿ ɫɬɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɞɨ ɰɿɽʀ ɫɮɟɪɢ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɿ ɛɚɧɤɢ, ɮɨɧɞɨɜɿ, ɜɚɥɸɬɧɿ ɛɿɪɠɿ, ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣɧɿ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɿ, ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɫɶɤɿ ɮɿɪɦɢ.

Ɉɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɱɚɫɨɦ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɨ (ɿɧɠɢɧɿɪɢɧɝɨɜɚ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɚ (ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚ) ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ, ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦ- ɩ’ɸɬɟɪɧɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ, ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ).

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ȼɢɞɢ

ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ

	ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɟ				Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɟ				Ɏɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɟ

50

	ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɚ ɞɿɹɥɶ-		ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɡɛɭɬ;		ɝɪɨɲɨɜɟ ɬɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɟ-
	ɧɿɫɬɶ;		ɟɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɧɧɹ;		ɪɟɞɧɢɰɬɜɨ;
	ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɽ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰ-		ɡɚɝɨɬɿɜɥɹ;	ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɿɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɭ-
	ɬɜɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ;		ɨɩɬɨɜɚ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ;		ɜɚɧɧɹ;
	ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢ-		ɪɨɡɞɪɿɛɧɚ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ ɿ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɫɶɤɟ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ;		ɚɭɞɢɬ;
	ɫɯɟɦɚɱɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ		ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɜ ɨɪɟɧɞɭ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ ɜɢɪɨɛ-	ɛɿɪɠɨɜɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɮɨɧɞɨ-
			ɧɢɰɬɜɚ;		ɜɢɦɢ ɰɿɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
			ɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɟ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɢɰɬɜɨ (ɚɝɟɧɬɫɶɤɚ ɞɿɹɥɶ-
			ɧɿɫɬɶ) ɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɿ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ,
			ɛɿɪɠɨɜɚ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2.1 – Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ