goi_i_v_smelyanska_t_p_pidpriemnictvo

Ɂɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɬɢ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ɧɚ ɛɚɡɿ ɱɨɝɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ – ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɭ ɚɛɨ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ. əɤɳɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚ ɞɿɽ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɭ, ɜ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɿɦɚ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɚ, ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɿ ɰɿɥɿ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɫɤɥɚɞ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɧɨɝɨ (ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɨɝɨ) ɤɚɩɿɬɚɥɭ, ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɧɢɦɢ ɜɤɥɚɞɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɭ.

5.5 Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ

Ʉɿɧɰɟɜɢɦ ɟɬɚɩɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɨʀ ɫɬɚɞɿʀ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɽ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ. ɋɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɱɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɟɰɶ. ɋɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ – Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ.

Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɦɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɩɿɞ-

ɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ [16].

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɭ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɿɬɟɬɿ ɦɿɫɶɤɨʀ ɪɚɞɢ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɭ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɿɣ, ɪɚɣɨɧɧɿɣ ɭ ɦɿɫɬɚɯ Ʉɢɽɜɿ ɬɚ ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿɣ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ.

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ) ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ, ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɸ ɦɨɜɨɸ. Ɋɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɤɚ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɞɪɭɤɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞ ɪɭɤɢ ɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɦɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɞɨ ɧɢɯ, ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨ, ɩɪɨɲɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɨɧɭɦɟɪɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ (ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ) ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ. ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɿɝɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɭ. ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɡ ɱɚɫɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɩɪɨ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ. Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽ ɣɨɦɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɡ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɮɚɤɬɭ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɹ.

201

Ɂɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɡɛɿɪ

ɭɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ:

–ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɿɜ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ – ɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ;

–ɞɜɚ ɧɟɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɿɜ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ – ɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ.

Ɂɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɦɿɧ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɿɦɟɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɩɪɨɠɢ-

ɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɡɛɿɪ ɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ ɬɪɢɞɰɹɬɢ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɿɜ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤ (ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ) ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ (ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɨɩɢɫ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɧɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ) ɬɚɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ:

–ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɤɚɪɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɭ ɜ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɰɿ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɚ ɡ ɩɨɫɢɥɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɚ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ;

–ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɭ (ɤɫɟɪɨɤɨɩɿɸ, ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɭ ɤɨɩɿɸ) ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɩɪɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ;

–ɞɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ (ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ – ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤ);

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ;

–ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ – ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɚ ɞɚɽ ɡɦɨɝɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɨʀ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ɰɢɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ.

ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɤɪɿɦ ɰɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ) ɤɨɩɿɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ Ⱥɧɬɢɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɿɬɟɬɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɚɛɨ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɭ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ ɧɚ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɿ ɞɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɟɪɦɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɿɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɩɿɹ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɩɿɹ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɸ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ, ɚɛɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɚ ɤɨɩɿɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɸ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɨɪɟɧɞɢ.

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ (ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ) ɹɤɨʀ ɽ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜ ɤɪɚʀɧɿ ʀʀ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ.

202

ɉɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ (ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ) ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɸ ɧɢɦ (ɧɢɦɢ) ɨɫɨɛɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɦɿɧ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɩɟɪɨɜɢɯ ɧɨɫɿɹɯ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ.

əɤɳɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ. əɤɳɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɸ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ (ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ʀʀ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ ɬɚ ɧɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ʀʀ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɹ,

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ, ɤɨɩɿɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ) ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɿɣ ɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɡ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɬɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ.

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɳɨ:

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ;

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ;

–ɞɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɞɿɣɲɥɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɞɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ;

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ;

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ ɧɚ ɰɟ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɶ.

ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɟ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɳɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ.

Ɂɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɽ ɰɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɽ:

–ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɹɤɿ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɰɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɹɦ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ;

–ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɭ;

–ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɚɞ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɹɤ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ; ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ (ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɹɦ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɢɯ, ɹɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ȯɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ; ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ (ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɨɦ) ɽ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ;

–ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ȯɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ɬɨɬɨɠɧɟ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ;

203

–ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɚɛɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɚɛɨ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɜɿɞ ɰɢɯ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɶ, ɚɛɨ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ;

–ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ (ɛɚɧɤ, ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɚ ɫɩɿɥɤɚ, ɧɟɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɩɟɧɫɿɣɧɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɬɨɳɨ);

–ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ, ɚɛɪɟɜɿɚɬɭɪ, ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ.

ȼɿɞɦɨɜɚ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ.

Ɂɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜɢɞɚɽ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ) ɡɚ-

ɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɿɣ ɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɹ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɳɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ.

Ɂɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɤɨɞ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɜɢɦɨɝ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɡɚɩɢɫ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɰɿɽʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ.

ɋɬɪɨɤ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɪɢ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ. ɇɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ) ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɭ ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɿɣ ɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɿɪɧɢɤ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɬɚ ɜɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ– ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ.

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɡ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɧɚ-

ɦɿɪ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ ɬɚ ɦɚɽ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɟɸ ɨɫɨɛɚ (ɞɚɥɿ – ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤ) ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ (ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɨɩɢɫ, ɳɨ

204

ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɧɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ) ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ:

–ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɤɚɪɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɤɨɩɿɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɭ ɡɝɨɞɭ ɛɚɬɶɤɿɜ (ɭɫɢɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɱɿɜ) ɚɛɨ ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɚɛɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɨɩɿɤɢ ɬɚ ɩɿɤɥɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɽ ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ, ɹɤɚ ɞɨɫɹɝɥɚ ɲɿɫɬɧɚɞɰɹɬɢ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɿ ɦɚɽ ɛɚɠɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɣɦɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ.

ɉɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɦɿɧ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɩɟɪɨɜɢɯ ɧɨɫɿɹɯ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ.

əɤɳɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ. ɍɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɢɬɢ ɫɜɿɣ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ʀʀ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɹ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ, ɤɨɩɿɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ) ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɭ ɡ ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɬɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ.

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ, ɹɤɳɨ:

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ;

–ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɧɟ ɭ ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ.

ɉɪɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɭ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ) ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɟ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɟ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ ɞɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɳɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ.

Ⱦɚɥɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɽ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ, ɹɤɢɦɢ ɽ:

–ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɹɤɿ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɿ ɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɰɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɹɦ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ;

–ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶɧɚɡɚɣɧɹɬɬɹɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ, ɹɤɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɳɨɞɨɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚɦɚɽɧɚɦɿɪɫɬɚɬɢɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ;

–ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ȯɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ, ɳɨ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤ ɽ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ.

205

ȼɿɞɦɨɜɚ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ.

Ɂɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɞɜɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜɢɞɚɬɢ (ɧɚɞɿɫɥɚɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ) ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɹ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɳɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ.

Ɂɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ ɡɚɩɢɫ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ.

ɋɬɪɨɤ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ. ɇɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɢɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ (ɧɚɞɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ) ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɭ ɜɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ.

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɚɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ.

ɋɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ-ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 5.3 ɬɚ 5.4.

ȼɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ-ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɫɤɚɪɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɭɞɿ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɸ ɚɛɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ, ɿɧɲɿ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɞɿɽ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɛɚɡɨɜɨɸ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɸ ɹɤɨʀ ɽ ȯɞɢɧɢɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ. ȯɞɢɧɢɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪ ɩɪɚɰɸɽ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɨɧ-ɥɚɣɧ ɬɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɛɿɣɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɍɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞ 1 ɞɨ 3-ɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ. ȱɡ ɜɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɜɞɜɿɱɿ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɟɦɩɢ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ, ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɽ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ (ɳɨɛ ɜɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɜɚɥɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɜɠɟ ɿɫɧɭɽ).

206

Ɂɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤ (ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ)

ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɤɚ

ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ (ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɨɝɨ

ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ

ɨɪɝɚɧɭ) ɩɪɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ

ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ

ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɡɛɨɪɭ

ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ

ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ – ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ

ɤɨɩɿɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ

ɬɚɤ

ȯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɥɢ-

ɉɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ

ɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɛɟɡ

ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ?

ɧɿ

ɬɚɤ

ȯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ

ɉɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ

ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ

ɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ?

ɧɿ

ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ

ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ

ȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰ

ȼɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ

ɤɨɞɭ ɬɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠ

ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪ ɬɚ ɮɿɡ ɨɫɿɛ-ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ

ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ

ɭ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ

ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ

ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5.3 – ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ (ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ)

207

Ɂɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤ (ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ)

ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɤɚ

ɤɨɩɿɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ

ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ

ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ

ɭ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ –

ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ

ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɡɛɨɪɭ

Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ

ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɚ ɡɝɨɞɚ ɛɚɬɶɤɿɜ (ɭɫɢɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɱɢɜ)

ɚɛɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɨɩɿɤɢ (ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɦ

ɽ ɧɟɩɨɜɧɨɥɿɬɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɚ)

ɤɨɩɿɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ

ɬɚɤ

ȯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɥɢ-

ɉɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ

ɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɛɟɡ

ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ?

ɧɿ

ɬɚɤ

ȯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ

ɉɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ

ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢ

ɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ?

ɧɿ

ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ

ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ

ȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɞɨ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ

ȼɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ

ɞɟɪɠ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ

ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ-ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ

ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ

ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ

ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɉɟɧɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5.4 – ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɦɿɪ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ (ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɜɨɯ ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ)

208

Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɸɫɬɢɰɿʀ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɤɚɡ (ɜɿɞ 19.08.2011 ɪ.) ɩɪɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɟɠ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ., ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɹɤɢɦ. ɞɟɪɠɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ ɞɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬɿ ɩɨ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɨɪɭ (ɩɟɜɧɿɣ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɿɣ ɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɣ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɿɜ). Ɂɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɤɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɨʀ ɧɚ ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬɿ. Ɋɟɲɬɚ ɜɫɿɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ (ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɰɿɽʀ ɠ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ) ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɮɚɣɥɿɜ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɢ ɜɿɞɫɤɚɧɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɚɩɟɪɨɜɢɯ ɧɨɫɿʀɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ. Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ (ɨɤɪɿɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɨ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɽ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɢ) ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɡɚɜɿɪɹɬɢɫɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɨɦ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ, ɫɭɦɿɫɧɢɦ ɡ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ. Ɂɚɹɜɢ ɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɨɬɚɪɿɭɫɚ, ɡɚɜɿɪɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ. ɇɚ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ 2 ɮɚɣɥɢ – ɮɚɣɥ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɥɚɫɧɟ, ɿ ɮɚɣɥ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɣ ɩɿɞɩɢɫ. ɐɿ 2 ɮɚɣɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ zip-ɚɪɯɿɜ (ɡɚɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ

ɿɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ), ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɪɠɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬ.

ɍɪɚɡɿ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ zip-ɚɪɯɿɜɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ (ɚɛɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɿɭɫɨɜɿ) ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɫɢɥɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɬɨɪ. Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ, ɳɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɚ, ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɮɚɤɬ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ. ɉɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɜ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤ ɿ ɜɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɡɚɫɜɿɞɱɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ.

ɋɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ (Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ) ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɽ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɽ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ȱɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɩɨɪɬɚɥɿ ɜɫɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɭ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭ- ɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ. ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ, ɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɩɨɜɢɧɧɟ ɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɬɢ ɩɿɞɪɨɛɰɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɰɟ ɫɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɡ ȯɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ. Ɂɚ ɤɨɪɞɨɧɨɦ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɜɠɟ ɞɚɜɧɨ.

ɍȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɿʀ ɡ 2000 ɪɨɤɭ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ «E-citizen, e-busi- ness, e-government». ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȱɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɡɜ’ɹɡɨɤ, ɰɢɮɪɨɜɟ ɬɟɥɟɛɚɱɟɧɧɹ, ɰɟɧɬɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɿɜ (call-ɰɟɧɬɪɢ). Ⱥɧɝɥɿɣɰɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɜ ȱɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɿ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɿ ɡɚɹɜɢ, ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿʀ, ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɸ ɧɚ ɫɜɨʀ ɡɚɩɢɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɨɧ-ɥɚɣɧ.

ɉɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɽ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɿɫɥɹɚɤɬɭɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀɬɚɤɨʀɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɿɧɚɤɲɟɜɨɧɚɽɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɸ.

209

Ɉɡɧɚɤɢ ɮɿɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɞɭ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ – ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɟɦ ɬɚɤɿ:

–ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ (ɩɟɪɟɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ) ɧɚ ɧɟɞɿɣɫɧɿ (ɜɬɪɚɱɟɧɿ, ɡɚɝɭɛɥɟɧɿ) ɬɚ ɩɿɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ;

–ɧɟ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ;

–ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ

ɡɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɸ (ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ) ɭ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɦ (ɧɟɿɫɧɭɸɱɢɦ), ɩɨɦɟɪɥɢɦ, ɛɟɡɜɿɫɬɢ ɡɧɢɤɥɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɚɛɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɦɚɥɢ ɧɚɦɿɪɭ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɢɬɢ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɹ;

–ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɜɿɞɨɦɚ ɬɚ ɡɝɨɞɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ.

ɉɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɟɰɶ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɬɢ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɭ ɛɚɧɤɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɬɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ. ɍɝɨɞɢ, ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɚ ɞɨ ɞɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɜɢɡɧɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ, ɳɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ ɡ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɨɦ, ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ʀɯ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɫɯɜɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ.

Ɂɦɿɧɢ, ɹɤɿ ɫɬɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɱɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɹɤɿ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ, ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿɣ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ.

ȼɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɥɿɣ (ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɶ), ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜ ɛɟɡ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ʀɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ.

ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɮɿɥɿʀ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɣ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɜ ɤɪɚʀɧɿ ʀʀ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ.

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɧɤɬɿ.

5.6. ɉɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ. Ɋɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɬɚ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɋɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ

ɉɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ (ɡɥɢɬɬɹ, ɩɪɢɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ, ɩɨɞɿɥɭ, ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ) ɚɛɨ

ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ (ɡɚ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɚ ɚɛɨ ɫɭɞɭ).

ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɡɥɢɬɬɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɫɿ ɦɚɣɧɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬɚ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɡɥɢɬɬɹ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɩɪɢɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɧ-

210