Mashtakova_Sequence_of_tenses_Reported_Speech_1

c) when we consider what the speaker says to be untrue.

e.g.“Paula and I are best friends,” Jack said to me.

Jack said to me that he and Paula were best friends, but Paula had never actually met him.

The tenses change as follows:

Present Simple ► РastSimple

“I need a new car,” Greg said.

Greg said (that) he needed a new car.

Present Continuous ► Рast Continuous

“He's sleeping,” she said.

She said (that) he was sleeping.

Present Perfect ► Рast Perfect

“I’ve already seen this film,” he said.

He said (that) he had already seen the film.

Past Simple ► Рast Simple or Past Perfect

“I got up late,” Tonia said.

Tonia said (that) she (had) got up late.

Past Continuous ►Рast Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous

“I was working at four o’clock,” Tim said.

Tim said (that) he was working/had been working at four o’clock.

Future (will) ► Сonditional (would)

“I’ll call you tomorrow,” Rosa said.

Rosa said (that) she would call me the following day.

The Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous remain the same.

Деякі слова та часові вирази змінюються відповідно до змісту висловлювання:

Some words and time expressions change according to the meaning of the sentence:

now ►then, at that time, immediately

today, tonight ►that day, that night

yesterday ► the day before, the previous day

tomorrow ►the next day, the following day

this week ► that week

last week ► the week before, the previous week

next week ► the week after, the following week

two days ago ► two days before

here ► there

come ► go

Task 4.Turn the following sentences into reported speech.

1. Henry said, “The film is very funny.” = Henry said (that) the film was very funny.

2. “I’m starting a new job next week”, she said.

3. “I got exam results last week,” he told them.

4. “I would buy a car if I had enough money,” he said to her.

5. “Oranges grow in hot countries,” the teacher said.

6. “A lot of people visit museums,” he said.

7. “I found the note under the sofa yesterday,” said Sue.

8. “It is very famous statue,” the tour guide told us.

9. “If I come to work early, I’ll call you,” she said.

10. “You’d better clean up the mess this week,” Mum said to Claire.

Task 5.Report the following extracts.

a) I was cutting the grass when it happened. Suddenly, several car alarms went off. Then I felt the ground shake under me. I was so terrified, I couldn’t move.

b) I was still in bed when the earthquake hit. All I could do was cover my head with a pillow and wait for it to end. It was such a terrifying experience.

c) I wasn’t expecting it at all. It’s the first time that an earthquake has happened here. We were lucky that nobody got hurt.

Питальні речення в непрямій мові Якщо пряма мова починається з питального слова (who, where, how old, how long, when, why, what, etc.), то питальні речення у непрямій мові починаються також з того ж питального слова. Якщо ж питальні речення в непрямій мові починаються з допоміжного (is, do, have) чи модального дієслова (can, may, etc.), то питальні речення в непрямій мові починаються з if або whether. “Чому ти хочеш звільнитися?” – запитала мене Пем. Пем запитала мене, чому я хочу звільнитися. “Вам подобається рок?” – запитав нас він. Він запитав нас, чи подобається нам рок. “Ти вмієш їздити на мотоциклі?” – Бен запитав Девіда. Бен запитав Девіда, чи вміє він їздити на мотоциклі.

Reported Questions When direct speech begins with a question word (who, where, how old, how long, when, why, what, etc.), the reported question is introduced with the help of the same question word. When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (is, do, have) or a modal verb (can, may, etc.), then the reported question begins with if or whether. e.g.“Why do you want to leave your job?” Pam asked me. Pam asked me why I wanted to leave my job. “Do you like rock music?” he asked us. He asked us if/whether we liked rock music. “Can you ride a motorcycle?” Ben asked David. Ben asked David if/whether he could ride a motorcycle.

Task 6.Turn the following into reported questions.

1. “What is your name?” he asked me. – He asked me what my name was.

2. “Where’s the main tourist office?” Uncle Bill asked him.

3. “How long have you worked here?” Mum asked me.

4. “When is dinner served at the hotel?” he asked her.

5. “What time do the shops open?” David asked Janet.

6. “Is there a shopping centre nearby?” they asked us.

7. “Did you find my glasses?” Granny asked me.

8. The boss asked me, “Do you know where the nearest bank is?”

9. John asked Sam, “What are we going to do today?”

10. “What time will we leave tomorrow?” he asked her.

Task 7.Turn the interview into reported speech using the verbs provided.

1. “What exactly does a marine biologist do?” (want to know)

The journalist wanted to know what exactly a marine biologist did.

2. “Why did you choose to become a marine biologist?” (ask)

3. “What kind of marine plants and animals do you protect at the park?” (wonder)

4. “Do you look after any endangered species?” (ask)

5. “Are there any interesting observations you have made?” (wonder)

6. “Have you published any of your researches?” (want to know)

Ввідні дієслова в непрямій мові Для того, щоб передати накази, інструкції, прохання, пропозиції тощо в непрямій мові, використовується відповідне ввідне дієслово (просити, наказувати, благати, говорити тощо) і to-infinitive, -ing form or that-clause, залежно від увідного дієслова.		Introductory Verbs To report commands, instructions, requests, suggestions, etc. in reported speech, we use an appropriate introductory verb (ask, order, beg, tell, etc.) and the to-infinitive, -ing form or that-clause depending on the introductory verb.
Introductory verb (Увідне дієслово)	Direct speech (Пряма мова)		Reported speech (Непряма мова)
+ to-inf
agree (погоджуватися)	“Yes, I’ll lend you the money.” “Так, я позичу тобі гроші.”		He agreed to lend me the money. Він погодився позичити мені гроші.
*claim (стверджувати, заявляти)	“I saw the robbers.” “Я бачив грабіжників.”		He claimed to have seen the robbers. Він заявив, що бачив грабіжників
demand (вимагати)	“Give me the money.” “Дай мені гроші.”		He demanded to be given the money. Він вимагав гроші.
оffer (пропонувати)	“Would you like me to help you?” “Мені допомогти вам?”		He offered to help me. Він запропонував мені свою допомогу.
refuse (відмовлятися)	“No, I won’t call her.” “Ні, я не буду їй телефонувати.”		He refused to call her. Він відмовився їй телефонувати.
+ sb+ to -inf
аdvise (радити)	“You should eat more fruits.” “Тобі варто їсти більше фруктів.”		He advised me to eat more fruits. Він порадив мені їсти більше фруктів.
аllow (дозволяти)	“You can go to the party.” “Ти можеш піти на вечірку.”		He allowed me to go to the party. Він дозволив мені піти на вечірку.
аsk (просити)	“Could you do me a favour?” “Ти не міг би зробити мені послугу.”		He asked me to do him a favour. Він попросив мене зробити йому послугу.
beg (благати)	“Please, please don't hurt me.” “Будь ласка, будь ласка, не кривдьте мене.”		He begged them not to hurt him. Він благав їх не кривдити його.
command (наказувати)	“Put your hands up.” “Підніміть руки.”		He commanded them to put their hands up. Він наказав їм підняти руки.
+ -ing form
accuse sb of (звинувачувати)	“You committed the crime.” “Ви скоїли злочин.”		He accused her of committing/having committed the crime. Він звинуватив її у злочині.
apologise for (вибачатися за)	“I’m sorry I’m late.” “Вибачте, я запізнився.”		He apologised for being late. Він вибачився за запізнення.
*boast about/of (вихвалятися)	“I’m the best student in my class.” “Я найкращий студент у своєму класі.”		He boasted about/of being the best student in his class. Він вихваляється, що він є найкращим студентом у своєму класі.
*deny (заперечувати)	“No, I didn’t use your computer.” “Ні, я не користувався твоїм комп’ютером.”		He denied using/having used my computer. Він заперечив, що користувався моїм комп’ютером.
*suggest (пропонувати)	“Let’s go out to dinner.” “Ходімо повечеряємо.”		He suggested going out to dinner. Він запропонував (пропонує) повечеряти.
+ that-clause
еxplain (пояснювати)	“I don’t like him because he’s rude.” “Він мені не подобається, бо він грубий.”		She explained that she didn’t like him because he was rude. Вона пояснила, що він їй не подобається, бо він грубий.
еxclaim/remark (вигукувати / відмічати)	“What a glorious day!” “Який чудовий день!”		He exclaimed/remarked that it was a glorious day. Він вигукнув / відзначив, який був чудовий день.
Note: The verbs marked with an asterisk can also be followed by a that-clause in reported speech. Дієслова з зірочкою також можуть використовуватися з that- clause у непрямій мові.
e.g.	He suggested that we (should) take out a loan. Він пропонує, щоб ми взяли позику.		He boasted that he was very rich. Він вихвалявся, що він дуже заможний.
	He promised that he would call. Він обіцяв, що зателефонує.		He denied that he had taken the money. Він заперечив, що брав гроші.

Тask 8. Turn the following sentences into reported speech. Use an appropriate introductory verb.

1. “Will you call me?” he asked. “Yes, of course,” she said.

2. “Wow!” they said as the fireworks exploded in the sky.

3. ‘You’ll try to visit John, won’t you?’ he said to us.

4. “How delicious!” she said as she tasted the dessert.

5. “What a surprise!” he said when he saw the present.

6. “Amazing!” she said when she saw the magician’s act.

7. “Well, good luck, then,” she said to him.

8. “Can you do this puzzle?” she asked. “No,” he said.

9. “Let’s go to the cinema,” he said. “We haven’t seen a film for months.”

Task 9.Turn the sentences into reported speech using an appropriate introductory verb.

1. “You lied to me,” Dennis told Ann.

2. “I promise I won’t tell anyone your secret,” Tara said to Diana.

3. “Don’t forget to post the letters,” Mum said to me.

4. “I’m sorry I ruined your shirt,” Sarah told Frances.

5. “No, I didn’t use Tim’s computer,” George said.

6. “Children, sit down!” the school bus driver said.

7. “You must wash your hands before eating dinner,” she told the children.

Діалог у непрямій мові У діалогах ми поєднуємо твердження, запитання, накази, прохання тощо. У непрямій мові використовуються такі слова та вирази: and, as, adding that, and (he/she) added that, because, but, since, and then (he/she) went on to say (that), while, then тощо для того, щоб поєднати речення в діалог. Також, ми можемо використовувати ввідні дієслова у формі дієприкметника теперішнього часу (пропонуючи, починаючи, пояснюючи, тощо). Містер Адамс: “Можна поговорити з містером Стефаном?” Секретар: “Мені шкода, але його немає. Чи бажаєте Ви залишити повідомлення?” Містер Адамс: “Ні, дякую. Я маю зустрітися з ним особисто.” Містер Адамс попросив поговорити з містером Стефаном. Його секретар сказав, що його немає і запропонував залишити повідомлення. Містер Адамс відмовився, пояснюючи, що йому потрібно зустрітися з ним особисто.

Reporting a Dialogue In dialogues we use a mixture of statements, questions, commands, requests, etc. In reported speech and, as, adding that, and (he/she) added that, because, but, since, and then (he/she) went on to say (that), while, then, etc. are used to link the sentences in a dialogue. We can also use introductory verbs in the present participle form (offering, begging, explaining, etc.). e.g. Mr. Adams: “Can I talk to Mr. Stephens?” Secretary: “I'm sorry, but he's not here. Would you like me to take a message? Mr. Adams: “No, thank you. I need to see him in person.” Mr. Adams asked to talk to Mr. Stephens. His secretary said that he wasn't there and offered to take a message. Mr. Adams declined, explaining that he needed to see him in person.

Task 10.Turn the dialogue into reported speech.

A: “How do you like your course, Fatima?” Jane asked.

B: “I didn’t like it at first,” Fatima replied. “I wasn’t sure it was right for me.”

A: “Why did you have doubts about it?” Jane asked.

B: “Well, there was too much reading and none of the other students seemed very friendly,” Fatima said. “But now I’ve got used to it and I like it a lot. Do you like your course?”

A: “Well, the course is all right though I’m not as interested in History as I thought I was,” Jane replied.

B: “Why don’t you study something else, then? What about studying English?” Fatima said.

A: “That is a really good idea, Fatima. Then we could help each other with our work,” Jane said.

Home assignment. Do tasks 9 and 10. Learn the rules.

Lesson 3. Revision.

Task 1.Check up your home assignment.

Task 2.Choose the correct variant.

1. ‘I’m the fastest runner on the team,” he said.

a) boasted

b) suggested

c) promised

He _about being the fastest runner on the team.

2. “I didn’t take your jacket,” he said to her.

a) agreed

b) denied

c) warned

He _ taking her jacket.

3. “You should go to the doctor’s,” Mum said to me.

a) complained

b) advised

c) reminded

Mum _ me to go to the doctor's.

4. “I’ll call you next week,” she said to him.

a) promised

b) accused

c) warned

She _ to call him next week.

5. “Yes, I’ll set the table for dinner,” he said to her.

a) agreed

b) boasted

c) threatened

He _ to set the table for dinner.

6. “He always forgets my birthday,” she said.

a) complained

b) accused

c) insisted

She_ that he always forgot her birthday.

7. “Let’s go for a walk,” she said.

a) denied

b) suggested

c) reminded

She _ going for a walk.

8. “Leave, or I’ll shoot,” the man said to them.

a) denied

b) warned

c) threatened

The man _to shoot them if they didn't leave.

9. “Don’t forget to feed the cat,” she said to him.

a) threatened

b) reminded

c) advised

She _ him to feed the cat.

10. “You broke my CD player,” she said to him.

a) insisted

b) denied

c) accused

She_him of breaking her CD player.

11. “Don’t go near the edge of the cliff,” Dad said to them.

a) warned

b) complained

c) suggested

Dad _ them not to go near the edge of the cliff.

12. “You must do your homework before you go out,” she said to us.

a) reminded

b) insisted

c) advised

She _ on us doing our homework before we went out.

Task 3.First write an appropriate introductory verb, then report the following situations.

“You should go to a doctor.”	advise	He advised me to go to a doctor.
“The bread is stale.”
“I will buy you a present.”
“You ought to tell her the news.”
“I’m sorry I insulted you.”
“Shall I help you?”
“Give me a statement or I’ll detain you.”
“Don’t go near the fire!”
“That’s why I didn't go.”
“I didn’t steal the money.”
“Let’s go out tonight.”
“You must spend Christmas with us.”
“Please, please give me some money!”
“Don’t forget to tell Ann!”
“Yes, she’s a good person.”
“Shall I call her?” he asked himself.
“Can you pass me the salt, please?”
“Yes, I’ll help you.”
“Would you like a cup of tea?”
“I’ll never forget your birthday again.”

Task 4.Turn the following into reported questions.

1. “Why do you want to work for our company?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

2. “How long were you employed at Smithson Steel?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

3. “Can you speak French?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

4. “Are you familiar with the plastics industry?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

5. “Why did you leave your last place of employment?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

6. “Is this the first time you have applied for a managerial post?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

7. “Would you be willing to move to Paris?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

8. “When did you graduate?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

9. “What salary would you hope to receive?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

10. “May I check your references?” Mr. Roberts asked Fiona.

Task 5.Underline the correct item.

1. I can only help you if you say/tell me the problem.

2. My mother said/told to turn the oven on at 6 o’clock.

3. The doctor said/told, “You’d better stay in bed for two days.”

4. My dentist told/said me to eat less chocolate.

5. Tom told/said he would be late home.

6. The teacher said/told us to do the exercise.

7. I like listening to him when he says/talks about his youth.

8. He won’t be punished if he says/tells what happened.

Task 6.Report the following conversation.

“Oh, I’m sorry to be early, Susan,” said Jane. “Am I the first to arrive?” “Yes, you are,” Susan replied, “but it really doesn't matter.” “No, I am terribly sorry. The babysitter arrived early,” said Jane. “Well, why don't you help me in the kitchen?” said Susan. “Of course. What would you like me to do?” replied Jane. “Oh, no! I can smell the sausages burning,” Susan cried, “I’d forgotten all about them. I hope they’re not burnt.” “You must let me see to them,” Jane said. “Go ahead and greet your guests. I think I can hear the first ones arriving.”

Task 7.Find a mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.

1. They suggested to see the film.

2. She asked me where was I going.

3. “Can you tell me what time is it?”

4. He told me to not touch the parcel.

5. I wonder why did he lie to me.

6. The suspect denied to murder the young woman.

7. They accused him to have committed the crime.

8. She asked me, “Where the bank is?”

Task 8.Turn the following sentences into reported speech.

1. “How shall I tell Tom the bad news?” she said.

2. “Can I go home now?” he asked.

3. “You can come in but you’ll have to be quiet,” he said to her.

4. “What time shall we arrive in Cairo?” he asked.

5. “She must try harder if she wants to succeed,” he said.

6. “My father will be angry with me if he finds out,” she said.

7. “You shouldn’t drive so fast,” he said to her.

8. “I can meet you on Friday,” he said.

9. “You’d better ask your parents,” she said to him.

10. “I may not be able to meet you at the train station,” he said to her.

Home assignment. Be ready for the test.