- •Introduction
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Common and internal markets
- •Development of eu law
- •1. Churchill's Speech
- •2. Marshall Plan - oeec
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •The Treaty on European Union or Maastricht Treaty (eu Treaty)
- •The European Economic Area (eea) and the European Free Trade Association (efta)
- •The Treaty of Amsterdam
- •The Treaty of Nice
- •The European Convention on the Future of the European Union and the Draft Constitution
- •The Treaty of Lisbon
- •Speaking
- •It must be noted that the principle of subsidiarity and the principle of proportionality also apply to the exercise by the institutions of the powers conferred upon them by the Treaties.
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Supremacy of the eu law
- •Fundamental features of union law
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Member states' liability for breach of union law
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Sources of union law
- •Application of National and International Law by the European Courts
- •Application of Union Law by the National Courts
- •Direct effects doctrine
- •Direct effect of union rules
- •Speaking
- •The free movement of goods
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •Exceptions to the Free Movement of Goods
- •Technical Standards
- •Exceptions to the Free Movement of Goods
- •Theory and Reality of the Free Movement of Goods
- •Rights of residence in the eu
- •1. Introduction
- •2. The free movement of citizens
- •3. Schengen arrangements
- •4. The free movement of workers
- •Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
- •The Schengen acquis
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Students
- •Free movement of workers, the self-employed and their families
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Free movement exceptions
- •In Article 45(4) of the tfeu. Employment in the "public service" of member states is
- •Right of establishment - professionals
- •Vocabulary Note:
- •Legal services
- •Speaking
Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Work
Exercise 1. Look through the text and answer the following questions.
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What distinguishes the EU Treaties from other international agreements?
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Where do we find primary and secondary Union law?
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What cases does Union law apply to?
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What three principles is Union law generally characterized by?
Exercise 2. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions. Use them in your own sentences.
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mutual obligations; national public authorities; rules embodied in the treaties; purely internal occurrences; concomitant rule; uniformly applied; well settled case law;
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to foresee all the consequences; to be endowed with legislative, administrative and judicial sovereignty rights; to lay down basic principles; to be implemented by acts of the institutions; to impose obligations (upon); to come to share the view that…; to come within the ambit of Union Law; to confer rights (upon); to be committed not to interfere (with); to refrain from any measure; to jeopardize the attainment of the Union’s objectives; to retain sufficient links (with); to hinder the free movement of goods;
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As was pointed out in …; Indeed, …; Hence the question: …; consequently; in fact if not in law; the latter being referred to as …; It must be clearly understood that…; in other words; generally speaking; In addition; in regard to; On the other hand; Smth reads as follows: …;
Exercise 3. Answer the questions on the text.
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What is special about quasi governmental bodies (Union’s institutions)?
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What is the nature of the rules constituted by the Treaties and the acts of the institutions?
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What do the Treaties resemble in national legislations?
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What are the Treaties compared to, in fact if not in law?
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What constant processes do the rules embodied in the Treaties undergo?
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What is the difference between primary and secondary Union law?
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What makes the legal order of the EU special?
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What is meant by the independence of Union law and its direct applicability?
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What effect, according to the TFEU, do Union’s decisions, regulations and, to some extent, directives have?
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How and where is the Member States’ non-interference with the application of Union law ensured?
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What is the Union’s raison d'être?
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What is meant by direct effect of Union law?
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How does direct effect influence national authorities and national courts?
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Which provisions of Union law do not have direct effect?
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If Union provisions have precedence over national legislations, why do conflicts still arise between Union and national law?
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What principle concerning primacy is clearly stated in the Declaration attached to the treaty of Lisbon?
Exercise 4. Read the text and choose the best suitable word to fill in the gaps. Say what you have learned from the text.
Member states' liability for breach of union law
Failure of a Member State to properly 1 a directive (which constitutes an 2 of Union law) makes that State 3 for loss and damages caused to individuals by that breach, the so-called Francovich liability. More generally, Member States are not only 4 to the Union for their infringements of Union law, they are also liable for possible damage caused by their infringement to legal or natural persons. This 5 of a Member State applies for acts or failures to act not only of the executive, but also of the legislature and even, in certain circumstances, of the 6.