Vocabulary Note:

patrial – имеющий гражданство, подданство, национальную принадлежность.

Exercise 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the box using their appropriate form. Then answer the questions below the text.

public, authority, litigate, competition, grounds, health, exercise, establish,

police, subject, evolve, admission, expatriate, policy, fundamental,

convictions, objectionable

Free movement exceptions

The only blanket exception (общее исключение) to the regime of free movement of workers is 1

In Article 45(4) of the tfeu. Employment in the "public service" of member states is

exempted. The 2 service, for these purposes, involves jobs with official 3, including the

judiciary, the 4 , defense forces and tax inspectors. Licensed attorneys fall outside the public

service, even though they may be required in order to 5 in national courts.

Municipal positions are included when there is participation in the 6 of public power, which

was the case for example in Brussels with the city architect but not city hospital nurses.

Secondary school teachers are not part of the public service, and such positions are therefore

open to 7, but may be 8 to language requirements.

Member states may restrict the free movement of workers from other states on 9 of public

Policy (ordre public), public security or public 10. These provisions have been litigated

extensively. In a long series of decisions, the European Court has 11 rules which limit the

power of member states to expel or deny 12 to workers whose past conduct is 13. Only when

that conduct is effectively combatted if engaged in by its own nationals may restraints on 14

workers be applied.

Public 15 reasons for limiting the free movement rights of workers must be based on the

existence of a genuine and serious threat affecting 16 societal interests. Past criminal 17

alone, are insufficient.

1. What is the area of employment where non-nationals cannot work?

2. What kind of jobs are exempted for non-nationals?

3. Do law firms and lawyers fall within the public service?

4. On what grounds may member states restrict the free movements of workers?

5. What is the European Court’s general attitude to denying admissions to workers of objectionable conduct?

6. What can serve as a genuinely serious public policy ground to denying admission to or expelling a worker?

Exercise 8. In the text below 3 sentences have been taken out and reshuffled. Mind that the options contain one sentence that does not fit. Restore the text by filling in the gaps meaningfully. What information does the text contain?

Right of establishment - professionals

1. For example, the Council has adopted directives about freedom to supply services in the case of travel agents, tour operators, air brokers, freight forwarders, ship brokers, air cargo agents, shipping agents, and hairdressers.

2. The way in which rules and regulations are applied raises a number of difficulties.

3. It did, however, take 17 years to negotiate the directive on free movement of veterinarians.

4. Cuisine in Britain is thought by some to have greatly benefited from this freedom.

The right to go into business as a self-employed person in another member state is secured by Article 59 of the TFEU. This is known as the “right of establishment.” Many entrepreneurs, for example, have used this right to open restaurants throughout the Common Market. 1. The right of self-establishment carries with it nearly the same bundle of national treatment rights and exceptions associated with employed workers. It is also subject to the Cassis formula.

Implementation of the right of establishment for professionals is anticipated in Article 64 by the issuance of legislation mutually recognizing diplomas and national licenses. Medical doctors, dentists, veterinarians, architects and many others have benefited from these provisions and the substantial implementing law that now accompanies them. 2. It has been relatively easy to deal with those professions (e.g., medicine and allied professions) in which diplomas and other evidence of formal qualification relate to equivalent competence in the same skill 3. And litigation over the implementation of these directives continues. It took a Commission prosecution to remove the French requirement that doctors and dentists give up their home country professional registrations before being licensed in France.