Система английских фонем Фонетический алфавит The Phonetic Alphabet

The phonetic alphabet is a writing system in which each letter corresponds to a different sound in the language. A word that is written in the phonetic alphabet will always be pronounced exactly the way that it is written, since the same sound is always represented by the same letter, e. g. /kæt/, /sın/, /smaıl/. The phonetic alphabet consists of the letters of the Latin alphabet plus a number of special letters, diacritics and other symbols. Words written this way are in phonetic transcription.

Произношение Sound	Написание Spelling
Согласные (consonants)
1. /b/ 2. /d/ 3. /f/ 4. // 5. /h/ 6. /k/ 7. /l/ 8. /m/ 9. /n/ 10. /p/ 11. /r/ 12. /s/ 13. /t/ 14. /v/ 15. /w/ 16. /j/ 17. /z/ 18. /ð/ 19. // 20. // 21. // 22. /t/ 23. /d/ 24. /ŋ/	bee, rib, able donkey, ready, bad feet, photo, after, knife gift, England, wig Halifax, when, behind ketch, beckon, become Lebanon, hello, little Madrid, woman, some Niagara, animal, sun Paris, happy, cup right, marry see, possible, place take, Manhattan, night Vatican, never, leave word, when, quick, away yes, Houston, million zoo, easy, Elizabeth this, Netherlands, breathe thought, Athens, month Lancashire, station, English measure, television, beige Chatham, picture, watch Justin, religion, page bungalow, think, long
Гласные (vowels)
монофтонги / monophthongs
1. /i/ 2. /ı/ 3. /e/ 4. /æ/ 5. /з:/ 6. // 7. /α:/ 8. /u:/ 9. // 10. // 11. // 12. /:/	Egypt, see, read, money Chile, Greenwich, minute, wishes Cheshire, Texas, yes, bed Badgered, Chatham, fat, sad Berlin, Serbia, early, were, bird, hurt Caucasus, about, the, a France, Prague, car, father, hard Liverpool, Waterloo, you, boot Brooklyn, Hindustan, book, should Dublin, Kentucky, Durham, coverage Florida, Monaco, Oxford, stop, not Albany, Baltic, nor, order,bored
дифтонги / diphthongs
13. /eı/ 14. // 15. /aı/ 16. /a/ 17. // 18. /e/ 19. /i/ 20. //	baker, rail, day, great cold, told, most, folk, roll bind, miner, type loud, plough, drought, cow oil, Negroid, enjoy air, bear, fare, fair, there, care beer, mere, theatre, media, appear tour, fuel, during, steward
трифтонги / triphthongs
21. /eı/ 22. // 23. /aı/ 24. /a/ 25. /oı/	layer, crayon, conveyer, greyer lower, yellower, mower giant, dryer, diagram, dialect our, hour, sour, coward, giaour employer, annoyance, buoyant

Упражнение 1.

Прочитайте текст, записанный в транскрипции, и постарайтесь правильно записать его (spell it).

/′lз:nıŋ t ′spik  ′frın læŋwıd ′fluəntli | ən wı′at ən ′æksnt | ′ıznət ′izi | ın ′mst edju′keı∫nl ′sıstmz | ′stjudnts spend ′meni jız ′stdiıŋ rmætıkl ′rulz | bt ðeı ′dnt get mt∫ v  ′t∫αns t ′spik | r′aıvıŋ ın  ′nju kntri | kn bi  fr′streıtıŋ ık′sprints | l′ð ðeı meı bi ′eıbl t ′rid n ′raıt veri ′wel | ðeı ′fn ′faınd ðt ðeı ′knt nd′stænd wt pipl ′seı t ðem/

Упражнение 2.

Пользуясь орфоэпическим словарем английского языка, запишите следующие предложения в транскрипции и прочитайте их.

1. When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realised that I did not understand one word.

2. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I would never know it really well, let alone perfectly.

3. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

4. Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are far from being the whole vocabulary of the language.

5. You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand you have never heard of before, and nobody else either.