I’ve [aiv] They’ve [fceiv] We’ve [wirvj
A We’ve failed.
В We’ve failed? Both of us?
A They’ve passed.
В They’ve passed? All of them?
A They’ve all passed except us.
В But if they’ve passed, how have we failed?
A Well, we have. I’ve seen the list.
В But we’ve planned a celebration!
A Forget it.
В We’ve bought all those bottles!
A Well, get them out, then.
Hadn’t [ha'dntj Wouldn’t [wudnt]
A I hadn’t expected a promotion.
В Well, you wouldn’t, would you?
A I really hadn’t expected it.
В You wouldn’t, I suppose.
A I certainly wouldn’t have got it if he’d checked my fde.
В Oh, he checked it, certainly
A But surely, if he’d seen that old letter, he wouldn’t have promoted me.
В If he’d seen it, he wouldn’t, no.
A Naughty girl.
Could’ve (‘kud^v) etc.
A But, darling, if only you could’ve apologized!
В Him! He should’ve apologized to me!
A But he’s older than you. You could’ve said you were sorry, surely.
В I suppose I could’ve said I was. But that would’ve been telling a lie. A But only a little one. You could’ve said it, just to keep the peace. For my sake!
В Oh, all right. You win. Where is the old devil?
*11. Practice have to/don V have to/ have got to in statements.
American English stretches, shortens, blends, and often drops sounds. These subtle features of the language are extremely difficult to comprehend unless the ear has been properly trained to understand the language of an educated native speaker in natural conversation. The question “Jeet yet?” is meaningless unless one has acquired the listening comprehension skills necessary to connect the sound with the words “Did you eat yet?” Other examples of the blending of sounds are I’m going to (gonna), I've got to (gotta), and I have to (hafta) go. Be aware that the written words gonna, gotta, and hafta would be considered nonstandard English, whereas the spoken forms are perfectly acceptable in American conversation. A comparison of the text and its cassette helps to illustrate this striking difference between the written word and its spoken form.
We’ve gotta get going.
One plane is going to leave. We have to be there by seven.
We have plenty of time.
It’s only five.
We’ve gotta leave now.
We have to get going.
We have lots of time.
We have to get moving.
We have plenty of time.
We don’t have to be there till
seven.
We have plenty of time.
When Do We Have to Be Back?
When do we have to be back, Jack?
When do we have to be back?
You have to be back at two, Lou.
You have to be back at two.
How long do we have to wait, Kate?
How long do we have to wait?
You have to wait until ten, Ken.
You have to wait until ten.
How soon do we have to pay, Ray?
How soon do we have to pay?
Pay as soon as you can, Ann.
Pay as soon as you can.
UNIT 6 STRESS
This unit consists of dialogues, in which the main rhythmical patterns of spoken English are presented first individually, then in pairs, then in larger combinations. English is a ‘stress-timed’ language. That is to say the beats or stress pulses in connected speech follow each other at roughly equal intervals of time:
One Two Three Four
This means that if there are any unstressed syllables between stresses, these have to be fitted in without delaying the regular beat of the stress pulse (printed in bold type throughout):
1. 8
1. 8
1. 10
2. 10
1. 14
/•../•... 24
/•/•.. /•... 24
/•/•./•../в... 24
/Yes, /Peter, /Ahe was at / home
Foot 1 Foot 2 Foot 3 Foot 4
*/. Listen and beat out the stresses.
/• . ./A
|
A |
/When are you/ bringing it? |
|
В |
/Saturday, / probably. |
|
A |
/ Saturday. |
|
В |
/A / Probably./ л / When can you/ pay for it? |
|
A |
/ Saturday. |
|
В |
/л /A / Saturday. |
|
A |
/A / Probably. |
|
В |
/ л / л / л / Mm |
|
|
/• /• . |
|
A |
/ One / single, / please. |
В / One / single, / where?
A / One / single, / home.
В / Where’s/ home?
A / Where the / train / stops.
В / Twenty / pounds, / please.
A / Twenty/ pounds! / Does it/ only / stop / once?
В / Only / once./ Why?
A / Oh, / nothing.
/• /л/* ...
A / Pendlebury’s/ coming in a / minute if he / can.
В / Coming in a/minute if he/can!
A /A / Pendlebury / seems to be en/gaged.
В /Tell/ Pendlebury, / л / tell him from his/ boss,/A / tell him that he’s/ fired!
A /Permanently?
В / Permanently,/ definitely,/ positively/ fired!
A /Poor / Pendlebury.
В /Hah!
/• ./• ...
A / Come and/ see us at our/new a/partment.
В /Where’s your/ new a/partment? / Is it in a/nother/district?
A /No, it’s/ very/ close to the a/partment that I / used to / live in. / Come and / see us.
В /How about to/morrow?
A /Round about/ seven? We’re at/ home by/seven. / Come and have some/ dinner with us, / Janet.
В /John, you / haven’t / actually / told me / yet who / ‘us’ is!
/•../•...
-
/ Why was he / trying to em/barrass me?
/ Probably he / wanted you to / notice him.
/ Why was he / rude to me?
/ Probably he’s / planning to / marry you.
/ Why is he / talking to that / stupid little / Alison?
/Why are you / letting him?
/•/•.. /•...
/ Mike, / how shall I / send it to you?
/ Give it to Y/vonne.
/ Is she re/liable?
/ Perfectly re/liable - she’ll / give it to me.
/ After she’s / read it I sup/pose!
/•/•./•../в...
/ Well, / Sammy, / when will you / do it for me?
/' Will to/morrow / do?
/ Yes, to/morrow will be / admirable.
/ When do I / get my / money?
/ When you’ve / done it, / Sammy.
/ How do I / know I’ll / get it’?
/ How will I / know you’ve / done it? / You and /1 must / trust each / other, / Sammy.
/ Mm. / Yes. / Yes, I sup/pose there’s / no al/ternative.
/ • / /•./•../•...
/ Oh! / A / Martin! / A / Marvellous! / A / Give it to me!
/ A / Isn’t it a / lovely / animal? / A / Careful, it’ll / bite!
/ No, it / won’t / bite me, it / knows I / love it al/ready.
/ Yes, it / seems to / like you.
/ Does it / like / you?
/ A / Possibly. /A / Certainly it / likes my / fingers!
/ л / л / л / л / ouch!