- •О.И. Сафроненко, к.С.Петросян, с.Ю. Резникова learning to learn in english
- •Методическая записка
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Learn How to Learn
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on Language
- •Focus on language
- •What do you think?
- •Keep learning? Keep earning!
- •Comprehension check
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 2 Study Smart, Not Hard
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on language
- •What do you think?
- •What are effective study habits?
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •Unit 3 Revise & Practise
- •Progress Test
- •Unit 1 Making the Choice of Your Life
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on Language
- •First degree courses in the uk
- •Comprehension check
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 2 Your Personal Science Odyssey
- •What do you think?
- •Comprehension check
- •Focus on Language
- •Practice
- •Unit 3 Revise & Practise
- •Game “Why physics or math, etc.?”
- •Progress Test
- •Unit 1 Secret of Success
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •Thinking about what we have found!
- •Comprehension check
- •Focus on language
- •“The World Wide Web: the battle for your mind at your fingertips”
- •Unit 2 Hunting for Treasures
- •Comprehension check
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on Language
- •Practice
- •Technology and Libraries
- •Comprehension check
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 3 Revise & Practise
- •Progress Test
- •Unit 1 Scientific Milestones
- •Metric system telescope compass thermometer microscope
- •Comprehension check
- •Focus on Language
- •Practice
- •Practice
- •Invention /discovery
- •Unexpected Discoveries
- •Comprehension check
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 2 Scientific Revolution
- •Breakthroughs of the 20th century
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on language
- •Verb Suffixes
- •Practice
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 3 Revise & Practise
- •Progress Test
- •Rules of the Lab
- •Unit 1 Global Issues
- •Comprehension check
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •Practice
- •What do you think?
- •Global Warming: Facts vs. Myths myths:
- •Comprehension check
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •Comprehension check
- •Focus on Language
- •Work in teams of 3. Make as many words as possible using the prefixes re-, dis-, over-, sub-, en-, up- . Compare as a class.
- •Practice
- •Unit 3 Revise & Practise
- •Progress Test
- •Unit 1 The 20th Century and Beyond
- •Science for the Twenty-First Century
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •As old as writing
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 2 Into the Future
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on the language
- •Practice
- •Practice
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 3 Revise & Practise
- •Progress Test
- •Unit 1 Job Opportunities for Students
- •Part-time Jobs vs. Holiday Jobs
- •Comprehension check
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on language
- •Unit 2 On the Job
- •What do you think?
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •What can I do with a Science degree?
- •What do you think?
- •Unit 3 Revise & Practise
- •Progress Test
- •Scripts Module 1 Unit 1 Five New Year's Resolutions for English Learners
- •Module 1 Unit 2
- •Module 2 Unit 1 a Look at Washington University
- •Module 2 Unit 1
- •Module 3 Unit 1
- •Module 3 Unit 2 Website of the Week — Universal Digital Library
- •Module 4 Unit 1
- •Module 4 Unit2 The Discoveries Behind This Year's Nobel Prizes for Science
- •Module 5 Unit 1 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green'
- •Module 5 Unit 2 Electronic Waste
- •Is it illegal to dispose of computers in the trash?
- •Module 6 Unit 1 Scientists Receive National Medals of Science and Technology
- •Module 6 Unit 2
- •Module 7 Unit 1 Job Centre
- •Module 7 Unit 2
- •Interns Provide Free Labor, But Internships Are Not Always Free
- •Keys Module 1 Unit 1
- •Module 1 Unit 2
- •In the Realm of Science 1
- •Module 1 Unit 3
- •Module 2 Unit 1
- •Module 2 Unit 2
- •Module 2 Unit 3
- •Модуль 3 Unit 1
- •Module 3 Unit 2
- •Module 3 Unit 3
- •Module 4 Unit 1
- •Module 4 Unit 2
- •In the Realm of Science 2
- •In the Realm of Science 3
- •Module 4 Unit 3
- •Module 5 Unit 1
- •Module 5 Unit 2
- •Module 5 Unit 3
- •Module 6 Unit 1
- •In the Realm of Science 1
- •Module 6 Unit 2
- •Module 6 Unit 3
- •Module 7 Unit 1
- •Module 7 Unit 2
- •Module 7 Unit 3
- •List of materials used
- •Part-time Jobs vs. Holiday Jobs// Retrieved from e4s:co uk http://www.E4s.Co.Uk/docs/part-time-jobs.Htm
- •Internet recourses
Module 4 Unit 1
An ancient piece of Greek technology recovered from a shipwreck more than 100 years ago is amazing scientists who have analyzed it in detail. Fragments of bronze gearwheels, now green and crumbling from millennia of underwater corrosion, have long been thought to be parts of a 2,100-year-old astronomical calculator. VOA's David McAlary reports that the new examination shows the mechanism to have been far more sophisticated for its time than anyone had thought.
This is what the ancient Greek device probably sounded like. The noise comes from a recent reconstruction based on pieces recovered by sponge divers exploring a 2,100-year-old shipwreck off the Greek island Antikythera in 1901.
Astronomer Mike Edmunds of Cardiff University in Wales is part of the British, Greek, and American team that made the copy and analyzed the original so-called Antikythera Mechanism.
"This is a unique device," said Mike Edmunds. "Nothing like a device of this complication is known for 1,000 years afterwards until you get to the medieval cathedral clocks."
The Greek device contains a complicated arrangement of at least 30 precision, hand-cut bronze gears and three pointing styluses housed inside a wooden case covered with inscriptions. Because the machine is fragmented, its specific functions have been controversial.
Scientists have been trying to copy it ever since its discovery, but Edmunds' team was able to do so after using high resolution X-ray scanning technology to examine the pieces. They were also able to decipher twice as many of the inscriptions as had been read by the late Yale University scholar Derek Price, who studied it decades ago.
Team member Xenophon Moussas, a physicist at the University of Athens, described the device to Nature magazine, which has published the group's paper on it.
"We can count something like 30 gears, which helped astronomers of the second century BC, we believe now, to calculate the positions of the sun, perhaps to work out the time of eclipses of the moon and and possibly of the sun as well," said Xenophon Moussas. "Since we discovered inside the mechanisms very many hidden writings, which are the manual of this ancient computer, we know for sure that many parts of the text refer to the motion of the planets."
In a Nature magazine commentary, Francois Charette of Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, says the research shows the Antikythera Mechanism to be the most sophisticated such object yet found from the ancient and medieval periods. He points out that the archaeological record to date shows it was a long time before gearing mechanisms so advanced re-emerged.
The curator of mechanical engineering of the Science Museum of London, Michael Wright, had previously studied the device. He told Nature magazine that much skill went into it.
"I can tell you from having examined the original that the man who made it was a highly skilled mechanic," said Michael Wright. "He knew exactly what he was doing. The other thing I can tell you about it is that the man who designed it certainly knew his astronomy."
The paper on the device shows the Antikythera Mechanism is based on a mathematical model of the moon's motion developed by the astronomer Hipparchus of Rhodes 2,100 years ago. Mike Edmunds at Cardiff University speculates that the ancient Greek scientist even helped design it.
"It's very tempting to think so," he said. "We haven't actually found his sort of fingerprints or actually 'Hipparchus made this' [inscribed] on the mechanism, but whoever did build this was extremely intelligent. It's just beautifully designed. I think that is one of the most surprising things that comes out of this." Francois Charette at Ludwig-Maximilians University writes that the long interval between the design of the Antikythera Mechanism and the advent of medieval gearing makes it obvious that the technical sophistication available to some parts of the Greco-Roman world was simply not transmitted further. The gear-wheel, he says, had to be re-invented.
(by David McAlary, 2006, http://www.voanews.com/english/2006-11-30-voa72.cfm)