Words to be learnt

approach v– приближаться; достигать

beam n – луч carry v – передавать

compare v – сравнивать density n – плотность emit v – излучать employ v – использовать extensive a – обширный

foresee (foresaw; foreseen) v –предвидеть intense a – интенсивный mirror n – зеркало narrow a – узкий prevent v – препятствовать single a – один, единственный spread (spread) v – распространять(ся)

travel v –двигаться Ex.12 Answer the questions.

1. What is the laser?

2. What is the function of the laser?

3. What beam of light does the laser produce?

4. When was the first laser built?

5. What types of quantum generators did scientists develop after 1960?

6. What type of the laser is the most common one at present?

7. Where will the laser find the most extensive applications in future?

Ex.13 Form and translate:

a) adjectives. -ic: atom, electron, magnet, cosm(os), realist

-al: univers(e), cultur(e), spectr(um), electric

-ive: to creat(e), to conduct, to act, product

-able: to vary, to approach, to achiev(e), to compar(e)

-ful: success, doubt, use, wonder, peace, beauty

-less: help, doubt, change, home, voice, meaning

-y: sun, hill, rain, wind

-ous: to continu(e), to vary, danger b) adverbs. -ly: extreme, initial, perfect, final, excellent, rough, instant, swift, equal, simultaneous, comparative, exact, large, hard, high, short

Ex.14 Translate the words

Существительные	Прилагательные	Существительные	Числительные
thinker designer student assistant	thicker larger different important	length depth width breadth	fifth twelfth twentieth fortieth

Ex.15 Translate the phrases.

to operate without recharging; to overestimate the results of the in­vestigation; to superheat the compound; to enrich the metal; to produce semi-manufactured parts; interplanetary communication; the property of superconductivity

Ex.16 Define the form and the function of the Participle in the sentences. Translate them.

1. Using isotopes in measuring the diffusion of metals we got much more accurate data.

2. Being used in measuring the diffusion of metals isotopes gave much more accurate data.

3. Scientists have found a simple way to produce a laser beam of any colour and frequency desired.

4. Having used a laser beam scientists obtained accurate calculations of Jupiter's temperature - minus 150°F.

5. Being produced by the laser the narrow intense beam travels great distances without spreading.

6. When sent to the Moon in 1962 an intensive red beam illuminated a section of the Moon only two miles in diameter.

7. Having reached the surface of the Moon, it returned to the Earth three seconds later, its return being recorded by sensitive devices.

8. The beam traveled 800,000 km in space, its velocity approaching that light.

Ex.17 Translate the sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the marked words and phrases.

1. At present there exist laser devices of various sizes, big and small, the latter being widely employed in various branches of our industry.

2. These semiconductor devices are made both of germanium and silicon, the former being in a more advanced state of development.

3. In mechanics we are interested in two kinds of energy, namely, kinetic energy and potential energy, the latter being the energy of posi­tion while the former being the energy of motion.

4. On the one hand, platinum is one of the most useful metals, but on the other hand, it is too expensive to be widely used in industry.

Ex.18 Read and translate the words.

to finish – to furnish

how – now then – than knew – new this – thus some – same very – vary

From – form – former

letter – latter – later though – through – thought read – ready – readily signal – single serious – series name – namely