- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Казанский государственный технический университет им. А.Н.Туполева
- •Английский язык
- •Lesson 1 Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •Ex.2 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect Tense.
- •The Passive Voice Страдательный залог
- •History Part I.
- •Part II.
- •Modern electronics
- •Exercises to the texts:
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Task 3. Check your answers to Task 3 with the help of the text and diagrams.
- •Task 4. Label each step in this flowchart with the correct letter from the list. The first one is done for you.
- •Task 5. Read the text below, then look at these statements. Are they true or false? You may need to use your own knowledge as well as information from the text.
- •Lesson 2 Reported Speech (Косвенная речь)
- •Exercises:
- •Reported Questions (Вопросы в косвенной речи).
- •Reported Commands and Requests Приказания и просьбы в косвенной речи
- •Alfred nobel - a man of contrasts.
- •Notes to the text.
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Task 4. Read this advice on 'Mixing down'. Listen again to Part 2. Then note the points in this text which are additional to those given on the tape.
- •Lesson 3. Conditional Sentences (Условные предложения)
- •Союзы, вводящие условные предложения.
- •Exercises:
- •What is an electric current?
- •Notes on the text
- •Words to be learnt.
- •Carbon dioxide emission
- •Listening and Speaking.
- •Course Guide
- •Information Technology
- •Lesson 4. The Participle.
- •Forms of the Participle II
- •Functions and translation
- •Complex Object with the Participle /сложное дополнение/
- •Complex Subject with the Participle.
- •Absolute Participle Construction /Независимый причастный оборот/.
- •Особенности перевода
- •Holographic technique helps in testing and research.
- •Words to be learnt
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Gerundial Object
- •Indefinite Gerund Passive (being written)
- •Сравнение герундия и причастия.
- •Exercises:
- •Sources of power
- •Notes on the Text:
- •Words to be learnt:
- •Revision
- •Listening and speaking
- •Lesson 6 The Infinitive
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Functions
- •Complex Object with the Infinitive.
- •It consists of two elements.
- •Complex Subject with the Infinitive
- •Grammar exercises
- •Ex.2 Translate the phrases with the Infinitive.
- •Ex.3 Grammar review.
- •Translate and define the functions of the infinitive.
- •Vocabulary to be learnt:
- •Ex. 3 Define the meanings of the phrases with international words.
- •Revision
- •Listening and speaking
- •Search reading
- •Read yourself
- •A new pedestrian crossing strategy
- •Viruses
- •2. Decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) in relation to the information in the text. If you feel a statement is false, change it to make it true.
- •Database management systems
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary.
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary:
- •3. Define what parts of speech these words are and translate them:
- •Transistors and semiconductors
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary:
- •3. Explain what meanings prefixes and suffixes give to the following words and translate the words:
- •Amplifiers
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Make up an abstract of the text basing on the answers to the above questions.
- •3. Define to what parts of speech these words belong and translate them:
- •Check yourself
- •Variant I Computers in our life
- •Grammar test
- •Variant II
- •Virtual worlds
- •Grammar test
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Irreqular verbs
- •Appendix 3 Чтение дробных и смешанных величин
- •Словообразование (Word Formation) Суффиксы
- •Приставки
- •Derivatives
- •Synonyms
- •Opposites correct – wrong; continue – interrupt; free – bound; presence – absence; remain – leave; begin – complete, finish safe – dangerous
- •Vocabulary
- •Литература
Revision
Ex. 1 Compare the using and give the translation of the Participle and the Gerund.
|
the Participle |
the Gerund |
|
1 as an attribute |
|
|
The reading student is my friend. |
There stands a reading lamp on the table. |
|
Generators producing electricity get their power from steam or water turbines. |
Another way of producing electricity is by means of generators. |
|
2 as an adverbial modifier |
|
|
(без предлога; может употребляться с союзом when или while) |
(всегда с предлогом) |
|
(When) adding heat we can change the state of a substance. |
Upon adding heat we can change the state of a substance. |
|
3 as a predicative |
|
|
(простого глагольного) |
(именного глагольного) |
|
Mathematics is developing rapidly and is entering other sciences. |
The purpose of this research is developing some new kinds of coloured films. |
|
4 в функции подлежащего (subject) и дополнения (object) употребляется только герундий. |
|
Ex. 2 Define the function of the words with –ing and translate the sentences.
1. Applying the method will give the results desired. Applying the method the technologists will get the results desired.
2. Dividing a unit of distance by a unit of time we get a unit of speed. Dividing a unit of distance by a unit of time gives a unit of speed.
3. Producing power is dependent mainly on the fuel and machinery available. Producing electricity by means of generators we get rather low efficiency.
Ex. 3 Compare the functions of the Participle and the Gerund in phrases and translate.
1. Making use of radioactive isotopes biologists are able… Making use of radioactive isotopes opens up…
2. Our scientists are investigating new kinds of… The purpose of this research is investigating new kinds of…
3. (While) describing the process the researcher… In describing the process the researcher…
4. Having investigated the phenomenon the scientist… After having investigated the phenomenon the scientists… The scientist’s having investigated the phenomenon led him to…
Ex. 4 Define the form of the verb with –ing and translate the text. Find Gerundial Objects and Absolute Participle constructions.
Using electricity on a large scale opens up great possibilities in various fields of science and everyday life. Using electric light in our homes we seldom think of those who were the pioneers in electrical engineering.
Several remarkable Russian scientists have made a great contribution to the science, Yablochkov and Lodygin being the best known to everyone. Lodygin’s having produced the first incandescent lamp is a generally recognized fact. His first lamps (1872), consisting of a glass bulb with a carbon rod serving as a filament, however, were imperfect, their life being only 30-40 minutes. Having introduced several carbon rods instead of one the scientist made the lamp serve a longer period.
After having seen Lodygin’s lamp Edison took great interest in the invention. We know of his having worked at the improvement of the lamp for several years. In 1879 Edison succeeded in creating an improved lamp which solved the problem of getting cheap electricity on a wide scale.
However, the carbon filament not being efficient and economic enough, Lodygin turned to the study of metals. Soon the necessary metal having a high melting point was found, it was tungsten. Many difficulties having been overcome, the problem of lighting our streets, plants and homes was solved.