- •Unit 1 history of aviation
- •1.1 Aviation History
- •1.2.Eurocontrol
- •The Single European Sky
- •Unified Air Traffic Management
- •1.3 Supplementary Reading texts
- •International Civil Aviation Organization (part I)
- •International Civil Aviation Organization (part II)
- •International Standards and Recommended Practices (sarPs)
- •Procedures for Air Navigation Services
- •International Air Transport Association (Iata)
- •1.4 Topics for Discussion
- •Unit 2 air traffic service
- •2.1 Air Traffic Service
- •Icao; sarps; fiRs; ifr; vfr; ats; atc.
- •2.2 How Air Traffic Controllers Operate
- •2.3 English Is the Language of Communication
- •Atc; r/ t; atis; volmet; bbc.
- •2.4 Supplementary Reading texts Language as a Factor in Aviation Incidents and Accidents
- •General and Aviation-Specific English Language Training
- •2.5 Topics for Discussion
- •Unit 3 aircraft types and construction
- •3.1 Principle Structural Units of the Aircraft
- •3.2 Heavy Wide-body Transport Aircraft
- •Aircraft of a New Generation
- •Airbus a330
- •A330 mrtt
- •3.3 Supplementary Reading texts Aircraft – General
- •Vertical and Short take-off and Landing Aircraft
- •3.4 Topics for Discussion
- •Unit 4 airport design
- •4.1 Airport Design
- •4.2 Baggage Carriage
- •4.3 Classification of Air Transportations
- •4.4 Carriage of Dangerous Goods
- •4.5 Airport Vehicles
- •4.6 Landing Area
- •4.7 Taxiways
- •4.8 Supplementary Reading Texts Airport
- •From the History of Hangars
- •Borispil Airport
- •4.9 Topics for Discussion
- •Unit 5 atco’s workload
- •5.1 Atc Centre. Air Traffic Control Specialist
- •Nature of the work
- •Terminal (Tower) Controller
- •Area Control Centre Controller
- •Working conditions
- •Certificate and Rating Requirements
- •Physical Requirements
- •Written test and Interview
- •5.2 Controller’s Automated Workstation
- •5.3 Simulator Training of Aviation Specialists
- •5.4 Supplementary Reading Texts
- •Attenuation
- •Other features
- •5.5 Topics for Discussion
- •Unit 6 human factor
- •6.1 The Meaning of Human Factors
- •6.2 Human Factors Within Systems
- •6.3 Speaking over the Telephone Part I
- •Making an Appointment
- •Being Unable to Keep an Appointment
- •Part II
- •An Applicant’s Passport is not Available
- •Congratulations on a Promotion
- •Booking a Plane Reservation
- •6.4 Controller Proficiency
- •6.5 Supplementary Reading Texts Human Factor
- •Crew Interaction Capability
- •Communication, Navigation and Surveillance /Air Traffic Management Interface
- •Error Management
- •Crew Information Requirements Analysis
- •Training Aids
- •Human Factor and Aviation Safety Problems
- •Los Rodeos Runway Collision
- •Cali b757 Terrain Crash
- •German Midair Collision
- •It's Not All About Accidents
- •My Best Profession
- •An Air Traffic Controller’s Job
- •6.6 Topics for discussion
- •Unit 7 health problems in aviation
- •7.1 Health as One of the Criteria of Air Traffic Controller Professional Selection
- •7.2 Holistic Medicine
- •7.3 Supplementary Reading Texts
- •7.3.1 The Spheres of Health
- •7.3.2 A Country’s Biggest Killer…
- •7.3.3 Stress: is your life a blur?
- •How to avoid hurry sickness and lead a better life
- •7.3.4 Yoga helps to relax
- •7.3.5 Alternative Cure 1 An unusual present
- •7.3.6 Alternative Cure 2 Extreme methods sometimes work
- •7.3.7 Alternative Cure 3 An allergic person’s confession
- •7.3.8 Alternative Cure 4 Macrobiotics as it is
- •7.3.9 Alternative Cure 5 Acupuncture – will it suit you?
- •Modern reflexology
- •7.3.10 The worst pain I have ever had (Four people’s experience)
- •7.4 Topics for Discussion
- •Unit 8 geography
- •8.1 The earth. Volcanoes. Volcano Activity Warning System for Pilots
- •Icao, iavw
- •8.2 The Effects of the Weather on Aviation
- •8.3 Natural Catastrophes
- •8.4 Supplementary Reading Texts The Atmosphere
- •Weather
- •8.5 Topics for Discussion
- •9.1 Transponders Were Switched off to Prevent Aircraft Being Tracked by Air Traffic Control
- •9.2 Status Report
- •Investigation
- •Vor; acc; tcas; stca; uacc; atc
- •9.3 Loss of Separation
- •9.4 Controlled Flight into Terrain
- •9.5 Flight Chaos Across Europe After Air Traffic Control Strikes
- •9.6 Airplane Hijacking
- •9.7 Supplementary Reading texts Flight Security
- •Aviation Security
- •Civil Aviation Security Regulations
- •Civil Aviation Security
- •9.8 Topics for Discussion
- •Unit 10 emergency
- •10.1 Drama as Pilot is Sucked out of Plane at 23.00 ft (The error that could not happen)
- •10.2 Communication Failure
- •10.3 Distress and Urgency Messages
- •10.4. What is a Near-Miss?
- •Ins; ifr; vfr; tcas; ra; ft; km; n; m; fl.
- •10.5 Supplementary Reading Text the search for a legendary fugitive - d.B. Cooper
- •10.6 Topics for Discussion
- •Word list
- •Subject index
- •References
4.3 Classification of Air Transportations
Exercise 4.3.1 Read and translate the text.
Air transportation is the carriage of passengers, mail, load and freight by aircraft or helicopters. All air transportations are classified according to the territorial sign, to the objects of transportation and to the direction of transportation. By the territorial division they are defined as domestic and international transportations.
Domestic and international transportations are divided into scheduled and non-scheduled flights.
Scheduled flights are performed due to the definite traffic schedule. Non-scheduled flights are operated according to special agreements or orders. On international routes they are known as charter flights. In summer during rush-hours there may be additional flights to the schedule.
Depending upon the object of the transportations we define passenger, mail, load and freight transportations.
As to their direction the transportations differ as non-stopover flights, that is from the point of departure to the point of destination, round trips, from the point of departure to the point of destination and back to the starting point, and onward journey with the transfer from one airplane to another.
Exercise 4.3.2 Answer the questions.
What is air transportation?
How are all air transportations classified?
How are air transportations defined by the territorial division?
How are domestic and international transportations divided?
How do we define air transportations depending upon the object of the transportation?
How do we differ the transportation’s as to their direction?
What is the difference between domestic and international flights?
What is the difference between a round trip and onward journey?
Exercise 4.3.3 Write T if the sentence is true and F if the sentence is false.
Air transportation is the carriage of passengers, mail, load and freight by aircraft or helicopters.
All air transportations are classified only according to the territorial sign.
By the territorial division air transportations are defined as domestic and international transportations.
Schedule flights are performed according to special agreements or orders.
Non-scheduled flights are operated due to the definite traffic schedule.
In winter during rush-hours there may be additional flights to the schedule.
According to the object of the transportations we define passenger, mail, load and freight transportations.
As to their direction the transportations differ as non-stopover flights, round trips and onward journeys.
Exercise 4.3.4 Give the English equivalents for the following.
Воздушные перевозки; направление транспортировки; перевозки внутри страны; международные перевозки; рейсы по расписанию; полеты вне расписания; международные трассы; чартерные рейсы; беспосадочный полет; маршрут “туда-обратно”; пересадка.
Exercise 4.3.5 Find in the text synonyms for the following words and word combinations.
Plane; in accordance with; section; to determine; home; make; supplementary; to distinguish; trip; changing.
Exercise 4.3.6 State what part of speech the following words belong to.
Transportation
countable noun b) uncountable noun c) verb d) adjective
mail
countable noun b) adverb c) uncountable noun d) verb
territorial
adverb b) adjective c) superlative adjective d) comparative adjective
define
verb b) adverb c) preposition d) noun
domestic
adjective b) superlative adjective c) adverb d) comparative adjective
agreement
noun b) verb c) adjective d) preposition
known
verb b) past participle c) adjective d) adverb
during
adverb b) preposition c) adjective d) noun
9. round
a) adverb b) verb c) adjective d) comparative adjective
destination
noun b) adverb c) preposition d) verb
Exercise 4.3.7 Match the words and word combinations in column A with those in column B.
A |
B |
1. charter flights |
a. направление транспортировки |
2. international routes |
b. международные перевозки |
3. direction of transportation |
c. пересадка |
4. international transportations |
d. чартерные рейсы |
5. rush-hour |
e. груз |
6. round trip |
f. беспосадочный полет |
7. transfer |
g. соглашение |
8. non-stopover flight |
h. час пик |
9. agreement |
i. маршрут “туда-обратно” |
10. freight |
j. международные трассы |
Exercise 4.3.8 Fill in the gaps with the words from the text choosing from the ones given in brackets.
Air transportation is the ___________ (purpose, aim, carriage) of passengers, mail, load and freight by aircraft or helicopters.
All air transportations are ___________ (made, done, classified) according to the territorial sign, to the object of transportation and to the direction of transportation.
By the territorial division they are defined as ___________ (domestic, home, house) and international transportations.
Non-scheduled flights are _________ (handed, operated, defined) according to special agreements or orders.
In summer during rush-hours there may be additional _________ (trips, flights, journeys) to the schedule.
Depending upon the object of the transportation we ________ (know, understand, define) passenger, mail, load and freight transportations.
As to their __________ (direction, way, destination) the transportations differ as non-stopover flights, round trips and onward journeys.
Exercise 4.3.9 Fill in the gaps with the related words.
Air transportation is the _________ (CARRY) of passengers, mail, load and freight by aircraft or helicopters.
All air transportations are ___________ (CLASSIFY) according to the _________ (TERRITORY) sign, to the object of transportation and to the direction of transportation.
Domestic and international transportations are _________ (DIVIDE) into scheduled and non-scheduled flights.
Non-scheduled flights are _________ (OPERATE) according to special agreements and orders.
On international routes non-scheduled flights are __________ (KNOW) as charter flights.
__________ (DEPEND) upon the object of the transportations we define passenger, mail, load and freight transportations.
As to their direction the ___________ (TRANSPORT) differ as _______ (NON-STOP) flights, round trips and onward journeys.
Exercise 4.3.10 Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
Air transportation is the carriage _________ passengers, mail, load and freight _________ aircraft or helicopters.
All air transportations are classified according ________ the territorial sign, to the object _________ transportation and _______ the direction of transportation.
Domestic and international transportations are divided ________ scheduled and non-scheduled flights.
__________ international routes non-scheduled flights are known as charter flights.
__________ summer __________ rush-hours there may be additional flights to the schedule.
Depending _______ the object of the transportations we define passenger, mail, load and freight transportation’s.
Non-stopover flights are flights __________ the point of departure _______ the point of destination.
Exercise 4.3.11 Put the given words in the correct order.
1. international/ Domestic/ and/ divided/ scheduled/ and/ non-scheduled/ flights/ transportations/ are/ into.
2. flights/ Scheduled/ performed/ due to/ definite/ schedule/ traffic/ are/ the.
3. In summer/ rush-hours/ during/ may/ be/ flights/ additional/ there.
4. define/ We/ and/ mail/ passenger/ transportations/ freight.
Exercise 4.3.12 Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Воздушные перевозки - это транспортировка пассажиров, почты и груза самолетами и вертолетами.
Все воздушные перевозки классифицируются согласно указателям принадлежности к определенному государству, целям перевозки и направлению перевозки.
Согласно территориальной принадлежности перевозки определяются как перевозки внутри страны и международные перевозки.
Перевозки внутри страны и международные перевозки подразделяются на рейсы по расписанию и полеты вне расписания.
На международных трассах полеты вне расписания известны как чартерные рейсы.
Летом, во время пиковых периодов, могут вводиться дополнительные к расписанию рейсы.
В зависимости от цели перевозки, различаются пассажирские перевозки, грузовые перевозки и почтовые перевозки.
Согласно направлению транспортировки различаются беспосадочные полеты, маршруты “туда-обратно” и путешествие “вперед”.
Exercise 4.3.13 Make up your own sentences using the words and word combinations.
Aircraft; helicopters; territorial division; to define; to divide; special agreements or orders; charter flights; rush-hours ; schedule; passenger; mail; load and freight transportations; direction; destination.
Exercise 4.3.14 15 Retell the text.