III. Exhibition or trade fair I’ve visited.

Білет № 20

I. Choose the correct word in italics.

1. The Matrix is the less/most/more exciting film I’ve ever seen.

2. The astronaut which/who/where appeared on TV talked about the new space program.

3. If you heat ice, it melts/melt/is melting.

4. If he doesn’t pay his taxes, he will go/goes/is going to prison.

5. He saw/see/is seeing the doctor next week.

II. Supply and demand

You may wonder why the prices of goods go up and down so often. One of the reasons is the law of supply and demand. Supply refers to how many of a certain goods or services are available for people to purchase. Demand means how many people wish to buy those goods or services.

How does this work? Let's say that a brand-new, super powerful video game is about to come out. The game makers must decide how many of the games to make so they are not stuck with too many. They then have to decide how much to charge for the game - its price. They would need to charge enough for the game to cover the costs of creating the game, advertising the game, shipping the game to stores. Since they also wish to make a profit on the game, they will also want to figure that cost as well. If the price of the game is too high, however, people may not be able to afford it or decide it is not worth the price and there will be too many or an oversupply. If the price is too low, costs will not be covered and little profit will be made even though the game may sell very well.

III. Advertising.

Білет № 21

I. Choose the correct word in italics.

1. How much/many/long have you lived here?

2. I have only got a lot of/a few/a little sugar left.

3. Were/did/was you go to the doctor’s yesterday?

4. I don’t want many/any/few sugar in my coffee, thanks.

5. The Millennium Dome is/are/was built in 1999.

II.

Socialism and capitalism

There are many different ideas or systems of how an economy should be run. The two most common are capitalism and socialism. They are very different in how they view who runs the economy. Most economies have ideas from both systems, but tend to be more of one than the other.

Capitalism is the economic system based on private or corporate ownership of, production and distribution of goods. It has always existed to some extent in all civilizations but was written about formally by Adam Smith in his book "The Wealth of Nations" in 1776. Capitalists favor a system of free enterprise which means the government should not interfere in the economy - the laws of supply and demand will make sure that the economy runs most efficiently in meeting people's needs. Capitalism is characterized by competition in which there is rivalry in supplying or getting an economic service or good. Sellers compete with other sellers, and buyers with other buyers. The buyers seek the best possible deal in purchasing goods and the sellers look to make the best possible sale allowing them the most profit.