Раздел: Календарно-тематический план тема 3

Grammar: The Infinitive, The Gerund, The Participle.

Vocabulary: Travelling. Foreign countries and cities.

Leisure time. Hobbies.

Содержание темы

1. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive.

2. Forms of the infinitive.

   1. Present infinitive.

   2. Present progressive infinitive.

   3. Present/past infinitive.

   4. Perfect/past progressive infinitive.

3. Functions.

4. Structures.

4.1 Complex object.

4.2 Complex subject.

5. The Gerund.

6. Participle I and Participle II.

Рекомендуемая литература

1. English Grammat in Use, Raymond Murphy, Cambridge University Press, 1997

(pp 88-91, 104-135)

2. Advanced Grammar in Use, Martin Hewings, Cambridge University Press, 2000

(рр 74-85)

3. Tests, Texts and Topics for your English Exams, Ю.Б. Кузьменкова, Издательство “Титул», 2002 (pp 48-60)

4. The Heinemann English Grammar, Digby Beaumont and Colin Granger, Heintmann, 1992 (рр 129-153)

5. Revising, Reading and Reasoning for your English Exams, Ю.Б. Кузьменкова, А. Р. Жаворонкова, И. В. Извольская, Издательство “Титул», 2002 (pp 64-71)

Раздел: Учебно-методические материалы

Вспомогательные материалы

Grammar

1. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive

We often use the base form of a verb (go, do, talk) as an infinitive. We call this the bare infinitive because we use it without to. We must distinguish it from the to-infinitive, where we always use to in front of the base form of the verb (to go). The most common use of the bare infinitive is after modal verbs:

He may/can go, do, talk. He is known to be a good poet.

1. The to-infinitive is used:

- to express purpose. He went to university to become a lawyer.

- after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse). He refused to pay the bill.

- after certain adjectives (happy, glad, sorry ). She was happy to win the prize.

- after I would like/would love/would prefer to express specific preference.

I'd like to see the manager.

- after certain nouns. What a surprise to see him there!

- after too/enough constructions. He's too young to have his own car.

He's clever enough to do the crossword. He's got enough money to live on.

- with: it + be + adjective (+ of + n/pron). It was generous of him to offer £1,000.

- with: so + adjective + as. Would you be so kind as to help me move the sofa?

- with "only" to express an unsatisfactory result.

She came in only to find Bob had left.

- after: be + the first/second etc/next /last/best. He was the last to come to work.

- in the expr.: for + noun/pronoun + to -inf. For him to be so rude was unforgivable.

- in expr.: to tell you the truth, to begin with. To be honest, / don't like him.

Note: If two infinitives are joined by "and" or "or", the "to" of the second infinitive can be omitted.

/ want to call Mr. Jones and fax or post him a letter.

1.2 The infinitive without to is used

- after: most modal verbs (can, must, will etc). You can leave now if you want.

- after: had better/would rather. I'd rather not go out tonight. I'd better stay at home.

- after: make / let / see / hear / feel + object. They made him pay for the damage.

- BUT: be made/be heard/be seen+to-infinitive He was made to pay for the damage.

- "know" and "help" are followed by a to-infinitive or an infinitive without to.

I've never known him (to) be so mean. Could you help me (to) fix the car?

- BUT: be known/be helped+to-infinitive She was known to have worked as a teacher.