Раздел: Календарно-тематический план тема 2

Grammar: The Passive Voice. Direct and Reported Speech.

Vocabulary: My country. The place I was born. Содержание темы

I. The Passive Voice.

1. Verb Form of the Passive Voice.

1.1. Present simple.

2. Present continuous.

3. Past simple.

4. Past continuous.

5. Present perfect simple.

6. Past perfect simple.

7. Future simple.

8. Future perfect simple.

9. Perfect cont. passives.

2. Use.

2.1. Agent and instruments.

2.2. Verbs with an object.

2.3. Verbs with two objects.

2.4. Verbs with object and complement.

3. Using and not mentioning the agent.

4. Have something done, Causative Verbs.

5. Get something done.

6. Need doing.

7. Passive get.

8. Reporting verbs.

9. Verb with prepositions.

II. Direct and Reported Speech.

1. Direct and Reported Speech.

2. Say. Tell. Ask.

3. Expressions with say, tell and ask.

4. Reported statements.

5. Reported Questions.

6. Reported Commands/Requests/Suggestions.

Рекомендуемая литература

1. English Grammat in Use, Raymond Murphy, Cambridge University Press, 1997

(pp 82-91, 92-95).

2. Advanced Grammar in Use, Martin Hewings, Cambridge University Press, 2000

(рр 58-65, 86-98).

3. Tests, Texts and Topics for your English Exams, Ю.Б. Кузьменкова, Издательство “Титул», 2002 (pp 43-48).

4. The Heinemann English Grammar, Digby Beaumont and Colin Granger, Heintmann, 1992 (рр 100-110).

5. Revising, Reading and Reasoning for your English Exams, Ю.Б. Кузьменкова, А. Р. Жаворонкова, И. В. Извольская, Издательство “Титул», 2002 (pp 54-62).

Раздел: Учебно-методические материалы

Вспомогательные материалы

Grammar

I. The Passive Voice.

1. Form: Although it is possible to form a wide range of passive tenses, the most used are present simple and continuous, past simple and continuous, present perfect simple, past perfect simple, will future, and future perfect. There are also present and past passive infinitives.

Present simple:	am/are/is + past participle	The office is locked every evening.
Present continuous:	am/are/is + being + past participle	The house is being painted at the moment.
Past simple:	was/were + past participle	My car was stolen last night.
Past continuous:	was/were + being + past participle	The bridge was being repaired last week.
Present perfect simple:	have/has + been + past participle	Sarah has been invited to the party.
Past perfect simple:	had + been + past participle	I thought that you had been told the news.
Future simple:	will + be + past participle	Tomorrow Tom will be asked about his job again.
Future perfect simple:	will + have been + past participle	Tom won’t have been asked about his job before Monday.
Perfect cont. passives	(have/has/had + been being + past participle) are very uncommon.
The past participle of regular verbs ends in –ed		locked, painted
Irregular verbs have different past participle forms		steal— stolen, tell— told
When we add -ed to verbs, there are sometimes changes in spelling		stop— stopped

2. Use

2.1 Agent and instrument

The person who performs an action in a passive sentence is called the agent, introduced by by. The agent may or may not be mentioned. An object, which causes something to happen, is called an instrument, introduced by with.

My purse was found by one of the cleaners.

He was hit on the head with a hammer.

2.2 Most verbs with an object (transitive verbs) can be made passive. Common verbs not used in the passive include:

become, fit (be the right size) get, have, lack, let, like, resemble, suit

Some verbs have both transitive and intransitive meanings.

We arrived at the hotel at eight, (cannot be made passive)

How was the answer arrived at? (passive with a different meaning)

2.3 Verbs with two objects: Verbs which have two objects can be made passive in two ways.

I was handed a note. A note was handed to me.

Other common verbs of this type are: bring, give, lend, pass, pay, promise, sell, send, show, tell, teach, offer, ask….

2.4 Verbs with object and complement: Some verbs have a noun or adjective which describes their object.

We elected Jim class representative.

Everyone considered him a failure.

When these are made passive, the complement goes directly after the verb.

Jim was elected class representative.

He was considered a failure.