24. National image & intercultural communication.

National image - the general opinion about a person, country, a picture formed in the mind.

Stereotype-fixed idea of a person’s character.

National ch-r is the ch-r of a person or a place consists of all the qualities they have that make them distinct from other.

National mentality - a habitual way of thinking of one’s nation & ch-r.

British have mixed opinions about the Americans. They think money matters more than anything else to Ameicans. Am-s have no culture & spend their free time watching baseball & football, often on TV. Am-s think of the British as being perfectly polite & proper.

Britons’re famous for their reserve & not giving their opinion or showing feelings in public, which makes them formal & distant. They’re snobbish & don’t seem friendly.

The Scots (Highlanders) from the mountainous north are proud, independent, hardworking, serious people who mainly live by farming sheep.

The Welsh still proudly wear their national dress on festive occasions. They have a highly developed artistic sense.

The Irish are independent, proud, open-hearted, hospitable.

The flag of the UK-Union Jack is made up of 3 crosses. The red cross is the cross of the patron saint of England- St. George, the white diagonal cross is the cross of the patron saint of Scotland - St. Andrew, the red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patric - the patron of Ireland. St. David is the patron saint of Wales.

A red rose - England’s official emblem. Red & white roses were chosen as emblems during the Wars of the Roses. Wales has 2 plants - the leek (лук–порей) & the daffodil as its emblems. Scotland has the thistle (чертополох). John Bull -is a national personification of the U K. The shamrock & the harp - Ireland. The melting plot - one country is made up from many individual states. Uncle Sam - the imaginary person represents the US government. The Big Apple - a nickname of NYC.

25. Nationally cultural pecularities of the english onomastics.

Apart from their surname or last name British & American children’re given 2 personal names, a first & a middle name. These names’re sometimes called Christian or given. In some families the oldest boy is given the same name as his father. Ex: the son of William Jones Sr (senior) would be called W.J.Jr (Junior).

Many popular names come from the Bible (Jacob, Joshua, Mattew, Sarah). The 1st names are used usually as sex distinctive. Some names are author’s inventions. They may have an etymological meaning (as with Shakespeare’s Miranda in “The tempest”, means “fit to be admired” or they have no obvious meaning at all).

The way in which Br. surnames have developed is very complicated. Many Eng. surnames are connected with job - Baker, someone’s size - Jack Long, Little, family relationship – Williamson (the son of William).

The most common Welsh surnames were all originally Christian names in some form: Dylan Thomas, Roger Davices, Geoffrey Jones. Many other names come from the tradition of calling a child “son of” his father using the Welsh word ap (ab). Only p left & may be found at the beginning of the Welsh names (Prees, Parry).

Welshmen living in Eng. are often called “Taffy”. This may come from the river Taff, or from Dafydd, the Welsh form of David. First names- … .

Years ago all Irish people spoke Gaelic & this lang-ge is still spoken in some parts of Ireland. The influence of Gaelic is found in the names of people (Sean-same as John, Seamus-James, Seanna-Joanna, Paddy-Patric). Nicknames based on a person’s race or country can still be heard. People from Scotland used to be addressed as Jock or Mac, from Ireland - Paddy or Mick. Yanks or Yankees for Americ-s. The Brit. nicknames are for other things – Roller –Roll-Royse car & Marks & Sparks is Mark’s & Spencer’s. The Hammers is a football team. In the US California-The Golden State, Texas - The Lone Star State, Wyoming-The Equality State.