- •1. Stylistics as a linguistic discipline. The subject-matter and aims of stylistics.
- •2. Basic approaches to language investigation. The functions of language.
- •Stylistics and other linguistic disciplines.
- •4. Types of stylistics. Kinds of literary stylistics.
- •5. Basic notion of stylistics.
- •Variant-invariant
- •6. Stylistics and the information theory. Basic components of the information transmission model. Chief processes in the information transmission.
- •7. Style as a general semiotic notion. Different interpretations of style. Individual style.
- •8. Expressive means and stylistic devices as basic notions of stylistics.
- •9. The notion of norm. Relativity of norm
- •10. The theory of image. The structure of image.
- •11. The notion of context. Types of context
- •13. Belles letters style.
- •14. Publicistic style.
- •15. Scientific prose style.
- •16. The style of official documents.
- •17. Newspaper style.
- •18. Phonetic means of stylistics: English instrumentation and English versification.
- •Onomatopoeia
- •19. Graphical means of stylistics. Graphon.
- •20. Morphological means and devices of stylistics: sd based on the use of nouns; sd based on the use of articles.
- •21. Morphological means and devices of stylistics: sd based on the use of pronouns; sd based on the use of adjectives; sd based on the use of adverbs.
- •22. Morphological means and devices of stylistics: sd based on the use of verbs.
- •23. Word and its Semantic Structure
- •24. Types of connotative meaning.
- •25. Criteria for stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary.
- •Words having a lexico-stylistic paradigm
- •Words having no iexico-stylistic paradigm
- •26. Stylistic functions of the words with a lexico-stylistic patadigm.
- •27. Stylistic functions of literary (high-flown) words.
- •Poetic diction.
- •Archaic words.
- •Barbarisms and foreign words.
- •28. Stylistic functions of conversational (low-flown) words
- •29. Stylistic functions of the words with no lexico-stylistic paradigm
- •30. Stylistic usage of phraseology.
- •31. The notion of expressive means and stylistic devices on the syntactical level.
- •32. Expressive means of English syntax based on the reduction of the sentence structure.
- •33. Expressive means of English syntax based on the rebundancy of the syntactical pattern.
- •34. Expressive means of English syntax based on the violation of the word order.
- •35. Stylistic devices of English syntax based on the interaction of syntactical constructions in context
- •36. Stylistic devices of English syntax based on the transposition of syntactical meaning in context.
- •37. Stylistic devices of English syntax based on the transposition of the types and means of connection between clauses and sentences.
- •38. General characteristics of stylistic semasiology. Semasiology vs onomasiology. Lexical semasiology vs stylistic semasiology. The notion of secondary nomination.
- •39. General characteristics of figures of substitution as semasiological expressive means. Classification of figures of substitution.
- •40. Figures of quantity.
- •41. Figures of quality: metonymical group.
- •42. Figures of quality: metaphoric group. Types of metaphor.
- •43. Figures of quality: epithet. Semantic and structural types of epithets.
- •44. Figures of quality: Irony. Context types of irony.
- •45. General characteristics of figures of combination as stylistic devices of semasiology.
- •46. Classification of figures of figures of combination.
- •47. Figures of identity (equivalence): simile, synonyms-substitutes and synonyms-specifiers.
- •48. Figures of opposition: antithesis, oxymoron.
- •49. Figures of inequality (non-equivalence): climax, anticlimax, pun, zeugma.
- •50 The notion of the text! Different approaches to the definition, Basic classifications of text models.
- •51 Basic notions of literary text
- •It is characterized by:
- •52 The notion of the author of the literary text. Internal and external aspects of the author’s presence. Author’s image as a textual category.
- •53 The narrator in a literary text. Types of narrators with regard to the author and with regard to the textual world.
- •54. The degree of the narrator’s presence in a literary text (degree of perceptability).
- •55 The notion of the narrative perspective (focalization). Types of narrative perspectives.
- •56 Facets of focalization (perceptive, psychological, ideological)
Words having a lexico-stylistic paradigm
Words having no iexico-stylistic paradigm
Another criteria:
Spheres of usage:
terms
poetic words
jargonisms
colloquialisms
The age of a word or denotator
neologisms
archaisms
historical
Origin of a word:
barbarisms – partially assimilated
borrowings – completely assimilated
exotic words
foreignisms
native words
Social prestige of a word:
neutral – the biggest group
literary (elevated, high-flown words)
colloquial (low-flown words)
26. Stylistic functions of the words with a lexico-stylistic patadigm.
Words having a lexico-stylistic paradigm which are characterised by:
a) an indirect (i.e. through a neutral word) reference to the object: fat cat (coll.) => a provider of money for political uses (neutral) => denotatum;
b) subjective evaluative connotations;
c) referential borders which are not strict: these words are of a qualifying character so they may be used to characterise different referents (e.g. pussy cat in reference to children);
d) presence of synonyms;
e) possible antonyms.
To this group we refer archaisms (archaic words); barbarisms and foreign words; stylistic neologisms; slangisms; colloquialisms; jargonisms (social and professional); dialectal words; vulgarisms.
Words having a lexico-stylistic paradigm are not homogeneous; they may enter the following oppositions:
colloquial vocabulary — bookish vocabulary
non-literary words — literary words
general literary vocabulary — social or dialectal elements special vocabulary-contemporary vocabulary — archaic vocabulary.
However, the mentioned groups of words are not closed; they are intersecting - one and the same word may belong to two or more groups.
Lexical expressive means of the English language are words which do not only have denotative meaning but connotative as well.
Depending on their connotative meaning such words fall into two major groups:
literary (high-flown) words which are traditionally linked with poetic, bookish, or written speech;
conversational (low-flown) words that are most often used in oral, colloquial speech.
Literary words are more stable due to the traditions of the written type of speech. Conversational words are constantly changing. Within a period of time they can become high-flown or neutral, e.g. bet, mob, trip, fun. chap.
27. Stylistic functions of literary (high-flown) words.
Literary words of the English language can be classified into the following groups: poetic diction, archaic words, barbarisms and foreign words, bookish (learned) words.
Poetic diction.
Poetic words are stylistically marked, they form a lexico-stylistic paradigm. In the 17th-18th centuries they were widely used in poetry as synonyms of neutral words. In modern poetry such a vocabulary barely exists.
Poetic words are diverse; they include:
1) archaic words (commix – mix)
archaic forms (vale - valley)
historic words (argosy - large merchant ship)
poetic words proper (anarch, brine),
Their main function is to mark the text in which they are used as poetic, thus distinguishing it from non-fiction texts. In modern poetry such words are seldom used. Their stylistic meaning gets more vivid when they are contrasted to neutral words.