6,Recruitment

The recruitment industry is based on the goal of providing a candidate to a client for a price. On one end of the spectrum there are agencies that are paid only if they deliver a candidate that successfully stays with the client beyond the agreed probationary period. On the other end of the spectrum there are agencies that are paid a retainer to focus on a client's needs and achieve milestones in the search for the right candidate, and then again are paid a percentage of the candidate's salary when a candidate is placed and stays with the organization beyond the probationary period.

7.The role and labour unions

Manual an service industry workers are often organized in labour unions,which attempt to ensure fair wages,reasonable working hours and safe working conditions for their members. British unions are known as trade unions because,as in Germany, they are largely organized according to trade or skill: there is an engineer's union, an elecricians' union, a train-drivers' union , and so on. In other countries , including France and Italy, unions are largely political: workers in different industries join unions with a particular political position.

In countries like South Korea or Poland,or South Africa,trade unions have played an enormous dynamic political and economic role.

8,Production

In economics, production is the act of creating output, a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals.The act may or may not include factors of production other than labor. Any effort directed toward the realization of a desired product or service is a "productive" effort and the performance of such act is production. The relation between the amount of inputs used in production and the resulting amount of output is called the production function.

9.Marketing

Marketing is used to identify the customer, satisfy the customer, and keep the customer. With the customer as the focus of its activities, marketing management is one of the major components of business management. Marketing evolved to meet the stasis in developing new markets caused by mature markets and overcapacities in the last 2-3 centuries The adoption of marketing strategies requires businesses to shift their focus from production to the perceived needs and wants of their customers as the means of staying profitable.

10.Advertising

Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services, and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising, which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. Indeed, many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising, which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products.

13.Banking

According to their functions, banks may be classified into four chief types, namely, commercial, savings, trust, and investment. The deposits of commercial banks are received largely from individuals, firms and corporations in all lines of business, are repayable on demand, and are mostly invested in short time loans for commercial business purposes, these loans having a maturity of perhaps three to six months, and enabling the bank to keep its assets comparatively liquid and its loans constantly maturing. Savings banks, which are designed to promote thrift, receive unused, small sums from the general public, which are left with the banks for future need. The bank may also further protect itself against large withdrawals by limiting the amount which it will receive on deposit from any one person. The chief investments of savings banks are approved bonds and first mortgages on real estate, both probably of long maturity.