Билет № 6

From the history of the building of the houses

The first houses were merely shelters for the purpose of protecting their owners from weather and therefore were very simple – a roof to keep off the rain, and walls to keep out the wind. In the beginning there were no windows. A little later each house had its fireplace and a masonry chimney. For many years, even centuries, houses were built without any conveniences. There was no water supply, no heating system, no electric light. Very gradually a change came about, especially in cities. First, there was running water in kitchen, then hot water and later fully equipped bathrooms. The latest thing is air conditioning. To the work of the carpenter, the mason, the plasterer and the roofer, the work of the so-called mechanical trades has been added: the plumbers, the electricians, and others. Lines of heating, water drainage pipes and air ducts run through our houses nowadays.

1. shelter – укрытие

2. masonry chimney – дымоход

3. conveniences – удобства

4. carpenter – плотник

5. mason – каменщик

6. plasterer – штукатур

7. roofer – кровельщик

8. mechanical trades – технические профессии

9. plumbers – сантехники

10. lines of heating, water drainage pipes and air ducts – системы центрального отопления, канализации и вентиляции

Answer the following questions:

1.What did the first houses look like? 2. What conveniences did the first houses have? 3. What technical professions are enumerated in the text? 4. What mechanical trades are enumerated in the text?

Вопросы к экзамену

1. What’s your name (surname)? 2. When and where were you born? 3. How old are you? 4. Are you married or single? 5. How many persons are there in your family? 6. Where do you live? 7. Is Severodvinsk your native town? 8. Do you have your own flat or do you live with your parents? 9. What school did you finish? 10. Did you study well at school? 11. Where do you study now? 12. Do you study at a full-time system of education or do you study at correspondence courses? 13. What faculty do you study at? 14. Do you study free of charge or do you pay for your education? 15. What is your hobby? 16. Are you fond of reading? (listening to music? sports?) 17. Do you often go to see your friends? 18. How many friends do you have? 19. Who is your best friend? 20. Why did you make friends? 21. What traits of character of your friend do you like most of all? 22. Which is your favourite season of the year? 23. What kind of weather do you prefer? 24. Where do you work? 25. Do you like your work? 26. What is your profession? 27. Why did you choose it?

Вопросы к экзамену

1. What’s your name (surname)? 2. When and where were you born? 3. How old are you? 4. Are you married or single? 5. How many persons are there in your family? 6. Where do you live? 7. Is Severodvinsk your native town? 8. Do you have your own flat or do you live with your parents? 9. What school did you finish? 10. Did you study well at school? 11. Where do you study now? 12. Do you study at a full-time system of education or do you study at correspondence courses? 13. What faculty do you study at? 14. Do you study free of charge or do you pay for your education? 15. What is your hobby? 16. Are you fond of reading? (listening to music? sports?) 17. Do you often go to see your friends? 18. How many friends do you have? 19. Who is your best friend? 20. Why did you make friends? 21. What traits of character of your friend do you like most of all? 22. Which is your favourite season of the year? 23. What kind of weather do you prefer? 24. Where do you work? 25. Do you like your work? 26. What is your profession? 27. Why did you choose it?