25. Predicative complexes as any member of the sentence

As the subject: 1.the for-to-inf constr (For you to go there is stupid). 2. The gerundial predicative constructions (Jhon’s being late makes me surprised)

As the predicative: 1. the for-to-inf constr (The best thing is for you to do it now)2. Subj. inf constr. (He was seen to enter the building). 3. ger pred constr (The only way out will be his taking the job). 4. Subj.part-l constr (They were heard talking together)

As the object: 1. the for-to-inf constr (He watched for the door to open) 2. obj. inf constr. (I saw him leave the building) 3. ger pred constr (I hate his being late) 4. obj.part-l constr (I heard my son coming; P2 I must have my watched repaired)

As the attribute: 1. the for-to-inf constr (there was no need for him to be economical) 2. ger pred constr (The prospect of someone else getting a job moved them to strong moral indignation)

As the adverbial modifier: Time: 1. ger pred constr (After his being away for some time the crisis came) 2.nominative absolute part constr P1 (The car having stopped, the boys jumped out onto the grass) P2 (Dinner served, Mrs Marlow rang the bell) 3. The absolute nominative with the adverb (breakfast over, he went to his counting house) 4. The absolute nominative with a prepositional noun (All in the room, she called in Molly)

Cause: 1. nominative absolute part constr (it being Sunday, we didn’t go to university) 2. The absolute nominative with the adjective (Her heart full of despair, she could not say a word)

Purpose: 1. the for-to-inf constr (I steped a side for you to pass)

Result: 1. the for-to-inf constr (I spoke loud enough for you to hear)

Condition: 1. nominative absolute part constr (weather permitting, we shall start tomorrow)

Concession: 1. ger pred constr (In spite of it being cold the bushes swarmed with insects)

Attendant circumstances: 1. ger pred constr (The car slid away without my having to say anything) 2. nominative absolute part constr P1(she looked through the window, tears streaming down her face) P2 (He sat on the sofa, his legs crossed) 3. Prepositional absolute part constr (he entered the house with his heart beating fast) 4. The absolute nominative with the adjective (She stood under the tree, her head full of strange ideas) 5. The absolute nominative with a prepositional noun (I waited, every nerve upon the stretch) 5. The prepositional absolute construction with non verbals (He turned away, with his hand still up)

31.The objective predicative constructions

with the infinitive

1. Verbs of wish and intention (to wish, to want, to desire, to choose, to prefer, should/would like, to intend). He would like you to see him in his office. 2. Verbs of emotion (to like, to dislike, to love, to hate, cannot/could not bear). I hate you to go away. 3. Verbs of mental activity (to think, to suppose, to consider, to believe, to know, to find, to expect, to imagine, to understand). I supposed him to have been married to her years ago. 4. Verbs of declaring (to declare, to report, to pronounce). They reported the plane to have been lost. 5. Verbs of inducement (to make, to have, to order, to command, to ask, to allow) 6. Verbs of perception (“to see, to hear, to feel”= “understand, know”, to watch, to observe, to notice). I saw him leave the building.

with participle I

1. Verbs of sense perception (see, hear, feel, find, listen, observe, smell, catch, watch). I heard my wife coming 2. Verbs of wish. Nobody wanted him going there alone.3. The causative verbs (to have, get, keep, leave, start). I won’t have going out late alone.

with participle II

1. Verbs of sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, to watch): We heard the door shut. 2. Verbs of mental activity (to think, to believe, to consider, to remember). At first she thought Johnny killed. 3. Verbs of wish. I want it done in such a way. 4. The causative verbs to have and to get.

with non-verbals

I. Verbs of mental activity and sense perception, with the meaning of opinion or conclusion (to believe, to class, to consider, to count, to feel, to figure, to imagine, to look (at, on, upon), to pronounce, to recognize, to regard, to see, to take, to think); also after some other verbs (to find, to discover, to welcome) expressing the same meaning. Occasionally a non-verbal element is introduced by the prepositions as or for. They saw him as the greatest man in Europe. II. Verbs with causative meaning (to make, to hit, to have, to worry) implying change of state. This blow made him crazy. 3. Verbs denoting the change of colour (to paint, to dye)They painted the door green. 4. Verb denoting change of social rank, status (to appoint, to call, to christen, to elect, to select):They elected him President. 5. Verbs denoting movement to a different position (to bring, to carry, to pick, to put, to send).She pulled the drawer open.