- •1. Lexicology as a science. Branches of lexicology.
- •2. What is a word
- •6 Dialect Words
- •7 Formal Style
- •8 Learned Words
- •10 Archaic and Obsolete Words
- •11 Professional Terminology
- •12 Basic Vocabulary
- •20 Types and degrees of assimilation of borrowings.
- •21 International words, folk etymology.
- •22 Etymological hybrids, doublets.
- •23 Morpheme as one of the basic linguistic units. Classification of morphemes.
- •25 Minor ways of word-formation.
- •26 Word meaning. Different approaches to the study of meaning.
- •28 Word meaning and motivation.
- •40 Word meaning and motivation.
- •45 Types of dictionaries.
45 Types of dictionaries.
The term dictionary is used to denote a book listing words of a language with their meanings and often with data regarding pronunciation, usage and/or origin. There are also dictionaries that pay their attention on only one of these aspects: pronouncing dictionaries (by Daniel Jones) and etymological dictionaries (The Oxford English Dictionary). For dictionaries in which the words and their definitions belong to the same language are called unilingual or explanatory, whereas bilingual or translation dictionaries are those that explain words by giving their equivalents in another language. Multilingual or polyglot dictionaries serve the purpose of comparing synonyms and terminology in various languages.
All dictionaries are divided into linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries. Linguistic dictionaries are word-books, their subject matter is vocabulary-units (semantic structure, usage). Encyclopaedias are thing-books dealing with concepts (objects, phenomena, their origin and development). Linguistic dictionary is a book of words in a language usually listed alphabetically with definitions, pronunciations, etymologies. Linguistic dictionaries are divided into general and specialized. To general dictionaries belong explanatory and translation dictionaries. In explanatory dictionaries the entry consists of the spelling, grammatical forms, transcription, meanings, phraseology. Translation dictionaries give words and their equivalent in the other language. There are English-Russian dictionaries by Galperin, Apresyan. There are also etymological, frequency, phonetical, rhyming and thesaurus type of dictionaries. Specialized dictionaries include dictionaries of synonyms, antonyms, collocations, word-frequency, neologisms, slang. They are also phraseological, etymological, pronouncing dictionaries. Special dictionaries may be further subdivided depending on whether the words are chosen according to the sphere of human activity in which they are used (technical dictionaries,phraseological dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms).