- •The muscles of head (musculi capitis/мышцы головы) The facial muscles (musculi faciei/мышцы лица)
- •Masseter (m. Masseter/жевательная мышца)
- •Lateral pterygoid (m. Pterygoideus lateralis/латеральная крыловидная мышца)
- •The fasciae of the head
- •The superficial muscles
- •Suprahyoid muscles
- •Infrahyiod muscles
- •The deep muscles
- •The cervical fasciae
- •II. The superficial layer of cervical fascia proper (lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae/поверхностная пластинка собственной фасции шеи)
- •III. The deep layer of cervical fascia proper
- •Topography of the neck
- •Muscles related to the upper limb
- •Serratus anterior (m. Serratus anterior/передняя зубчатая мышца)
- •Autochthonous muscles
- •Nerve supply of the autochthonous muscles. Intercostal nerves.
- •The fasciae of thorax
- •Rectus abdominis (m. Rectus abdominis/прямая мышца живота)
- •Abdominal fascia
- •The muscles of upper limb
- •The muscles of the arm
- •Biceps brachii (m. Biceps brachii/двуглавая мышца плеча)
- •The fasciae of the arm
- •The topography of the arm
- •The muscles of the forearm
- •The posterior group
- •The muscles of the hand
- •The fasciae of the forearm and the hand The antebrachial fascia
- •Dorsal fascia of hand
- •The topography of the forearm and the hand
- •The muscles of lower limb
- •The muscles of the hip region The anterior group
- •Obturator internus (m. Obturator internus/внутренняя запирательная мышца)
- •Sartorius (m. Sartorius/портняжная мышца)
- •Vastus medialis
- •Vastus lateralis
- •Vastus intermedius
- •Adductor brevis (m. Adductor brevis/короткая приводящая мышца)
- •Gracilis (m. Gracilis/тонкая мышца)
- •The iliac fascia (fascia iliaca/подвздошная фасция)
- •The fascia lata (fascia lata/широкая фасция)
- •Muscles of the leg
- •Tibialis posterior (m. Tibialis posterior/задняя большеберцовая мышца)
- •Muscles of the foot
- •Plantar
- •Fasciae of the leg and foot
- •Topography of the leg and foot
- •The cruropopliteal canal (canalis cruropopliteus/голено-подколенный канал).
- •The grooves of the sole
- •Superficial muscles related to the upper limb
- •Superficial muscles related to the ribs
- •The deep (autochtonous) muscles
- •Lateral tract
Obturator internus (m. Obturator internus/внутренняя запирательная мышца)
Origin: From the inner surface of the hip bone and the obturator membrane.
Insertion: To the greater trochanter via the lesser sciatic notch.
Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh.
Nerve supply: From the sacral plexus.
Gemellus superior and inferior (mm. gemelli superior et inferior/верхняя, нижняя близнецовые мышцы)
Origin. The superior muscle arises from the ischial spine; the inferior muscle arises from the iscial tuberosity.
Insertion. To the greater trochanter via the lesser sciatic notch, together with the obturator internus..
Action. Lateral rotation of the thigh.
Nerve supply. From the sacral plexus.
Quadratus femoris (m. quadratus femoris/квадратная мышца бедра)
Origin. From the outer surface of the ischial tuberosity.
Insertion. To the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric сrest of the femur.
Action. Lateral rotation of the thigh.
Nerve supply. From the sacral plexus.
Obturator externus (m. obturator externus/наружная запирательная мышца)
Origin. From the obturator membrane and the surrounding bone.
Insertion. To the trochanteric fossa of the femur.
Action. Lateral rotation of the thigh.
Nerve supply. Obturator nerve.
Muscles of the thigh
The anterior group
Sartorius (m. Sartorius/портняжная мышца)
Origin. From the anterior superior iliac spine.
Insertion. To the medial side of the upper end of the tibia just in front of gracilis and semitendinosus.
Actions. Flexion and abduction of the thigh and flexion of the knee (the ‘tailor’s position’).
Nerve supply. Femoral nerve.
Quadriceps femoris (m. quadriceps femoris/четырехглавая мышца бедра):
Rectus femoris
Origin. From the anterior inferior iliac spine (straight head) and the upper lip of the acetabulum (reflected head).
Vastus medialis
Origin. From the medial lip of the linea aspera.
Vastus lateralis
Origin. From the lateral lip of the linea aspera.
Vastus intermedius
Origin. From the lateral and anterior surfaces of the femur.
Insertion of quadriceps. The four parts of quadriceps are inserted into the patella and, from here, to the tubercle of the tibia. The patella is thus a sesamoid hone in the tendon of quadriceps.
Actions. Extension and stabilization of the knee. Rectus is also a weak flexor of the thigh.
Nerve supply. Femoral nerve.
The medial group
Pectineus (m. pectineus/гребенчатая мышца)
Origin. From the superior ramus of the pubis.
Insertion. To the back of the femur between the lesser trochanter and the linea aspera.
Acrions. Adduction and flexion of the thigh.
Nerve supply. Femoral and obturator nerves.
Adductor longus (m. adductor longus/длинная приводящая мышца)
Origin. From the front of the pubis just below the pubic tubercle.
Insertion. To the middle third of the linea aspera.
Action. Adduction of the thigh.
Nerve supply. Obturator nerve.
Adductor brevis (m. Adductor brevis/короткая приводящая мышца)
Origin. From the inferior ramus of the pubis.
Insertion. To the upper part of the linea aspera.
Action. Adduction of the thigh.
Nerve supply. Obturator nerve.
Adductor magnus (m. adductor magnus/большая приводящая мышца)
Origin. From the inferior ramus of the pubis and the ramus of the ischium. back as far as the ischial tuberosity.
Insertion. To the whole length of the linea aspera and to the adductor tubercle of the femur.
Actions. Adduction and extension of the thigh (the latter action is carried out by the ‘hamstring’ part of the muscle which arises from the ischial tuberosity).
Nerve supply. Adductor part by the femoral nerve and hamstring part by the sciatic nerve.