- •Кременчук 2003
- •Витяг з протоколу № 1
- •В/о зав. Кафедри о.В. Фадєєва
- •Рецензія
- •Рецензент доц. О.В. Фадєєва Тематичний план лекцій
- •Lection 1. The noun in the contrasted languages
- •Nouns ending in vowels other than -o/-e
- •Syntax of the noun the cases
- •The nominative case
- •The accusative case
- •The genitive case
- •The dative case
- •Impersonal constructions: -ся verbs:
- •The locative case
- •The instrumental case
- •The vocative case
- •Syntax of case: the preposition
- •Alphabetical list of Ukrainian prepositions
- •Case government of Ukrainian prepositions Prepositions governing the genitive
- •Prepositions governing the genitive in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the accusative
- •Prepositions governing the accusative in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the dative
- •Prepositions governing the locative
- •Prepositions governing the locative in addition to other cases
- •Spatial constructions
- •Temporal constructions
- •Prepositions governing the instrumental
- •Substantival word formation
- •Lecture 2. The adjective
- •2. Comparison
- •Regular comparatives
- •Irregular comparatives
- •The analytic or compound comparative
- •Usage and 'than'
- •3. Using adjectives
- •Adjectives constructed with cases and prepositional phrases
- •Adjectives constructed with prepositional phrases
- •Genitive
- •Accusative
- •Instrumental
- •Locative
- •Adjectives constructed with infinitives and adverbs
- •Lection 3-4. The verb in the contrasted languages
- •2. Aspect and tense
- •Verbs of motion determinate and indeterminate
- •Imperfective:
- •Sequence of actions
- •3. The passive
- •4. The imperatives and conditionals the imperative
- •Irregular verbs
- •Inclusive ('Let's') commands
- •The conditional
- •5. Participles, gerunds,infinitive
- •Passive participles
- •The use of the infinitive
- •Verbs requiring the use of an infinitive
- •6. Transitive / intransiive verbs
- •Intransitive vs. Transitive: -ся verbs
- •Intransitive verbs without -ся
- •Intransitive verbs with -ся
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •Interrogatives
- •Indefinites
- •Interrogatives of time
- •Statements of time
- •Indefinites
- •Quantitative adverbs (adverbs of degree)
- •Indefinites
- •Сидячи сидячи стоячи стоячи лежачи лежачи
- •Adverbial modal constructions
- •It is possible that it will rain (perhaps it will rain).
- •It is impossible to open the door (it’s stuck, locked,. . .).
- •Lection 6. The numeral and pronoun in the contrasted languages
- •Summary table of cardinal, collective, and ordinal numerals
- •Два/дві, три, чотири and обидва/обидві
- •П'ять and above
- •Selected paradigms
- •Collectives
- •Distribution
- •The ordinals
- •Time expressions
- •Hours (time of day)
- •Fractions
- •Indefinite quantifiers
- •2. The pronoun: general remarks
- •2. The groups of pronouns
- •Interrogative and relative pronouns
- •'Whose?'
- •'How much?' - 'how many?'
- •Indefinite, negative, and distributive pronouns
- •Indefinites and distributives
- •Lection 7. The conjunction in the contrasted languages
- •General characteristic
- •Using conjunction
- •1. General characteristic
- •2. Using conjunctions
- •Coordination with conjunctions
- •Contrast
- •Within the composite sentence
- •The indirect y/n question
- •Other indirect questions
- •Adverbial or oblique clauses
- •Paired and repeated conjunctions
Usage and 'than'
'Than' after comparative adjectives is rendered by one of the following:
(a) ніж + thing/person compared (no change in case)
(b) від + genitive of the thing/person compared
(c) проти + genitive of the thing/person compared
(d) за + accusative of the thing/person compared
(e) як + thing/person compared (no change in case)
(f) над + accusative of the thing/person compared
The comparative may also be qualified by various adverbs, such as значно 'considerably', незрівнянно 'incomparably', ще 'even', 'yet', далеко 'far', багато 'much', геть то 'far and away'.
In the following few examples of usage, you will note that the comparative agrees in case, number, and gender with the noun or noun phrase to which it refers, whether its role is attributive or predicative. As predicate it may occur in the instrumental case, but this is atypical and tends to be limited to usage with pseudo-copulas like здаватися 'to seem', вважатися 'to be regarded, considered', and уявлятися 'to appear'.
Він вибрав ще нижчий стілець, ніж інші діти, бо не хотів, щоб його бачили.
Не chose an even lower chair than the other children, because he didn't want to be seen.
Київські хмарочоси незрівнянно більші, від тих у Нью-Йорку.
The skyscrapers of Kyiv are incomparably higher than those in New York.
Моя сестра вважається всіма ще розумнішою від братів.
Everyone considers my sister to be even more sensible than her brothers.
Минулого тижня книжки в тому магазині були дорожчі, ніж у великій книгарні в центрі міста.
Last week the books in that shop were more expensive than in the big bookshop in the town centre.
The older girl, from the deeper valley, I've seen nothing more beautiful than that.
SUPERLATIVES
The superlative is formed synthetically, by prefixing най- to the comparative or, where the comparative is formed analytically, by preceding the plain adjective by найбільш 'most' (or найменш 'least'). The synthetic form may be reinforced by the prefixation of як- or що, such as щонайкращий 'the (very) best'. To render 'of after a superlative, as in 'the best of . . .', one may use the following prepositions:
(a) з + genitive
(b) серед + genitive
(c) за + accusative
(d) від + genitive
(e) між among + instrumental
(f) з-поміж from among + instrumental
In the case of (c) and (d) the phrase will normally include a form of увесь:
Сергій - це студент гірший за всіх.
Serhij is the worst student.
One may also form the superlative by using the comparative followed by a 'than' phrase including the pronoun увесь.
Superlatives agree in case, number, and gender just like comparatives, with the occasional use of the instrumental case after pseudo-copulas, again as with comparatives.
Here are a few examples:
Найбільш промислові райони знаходяться у східній Україні.
The most industrial regions are to be found in eastern Ukraine. (Such a comparative would not always be approved, since the adjective is relative.)
У цій граматиці говориться за особливості та найбільш уживані конструкції української мови.
In this grammar the features and most used constructions of Ukrainian are discussed.
Серед усіх батьків вони найсимпатичніші.
Of all the parents they are the most likeable.