Interrogatives

де? Where?

Куди? To where (whither)?

Звідки, звідкіль, відкіля, звідкіля? From where (whence)?

STATEMENTS OF LOCATION

там there

тамки, тамечки, таменьки there (dim. of там, coll.)

отам there, down there

тут, тута here

тутенька, тутечка, тутеньки, тутечки = тут (dim.)

тутка, тутки = тут (dial.)

отут (оттут) right here

отутечки right here (dim. отут)

ось, ось тут over here, here is/are

он, он там over there, there is/are

онде, ондечки there, over there

туди to there (thither)

сюди to here (hither)

куди to where (whither)

скрізь everywhere

усюди everywhere

інде elsewhere

відси, відсіль, відсіля, звідси from here

відти, відтіль, відтіля, звідти, звідтам, from there

звідтіль, звідтіля

відки, відкіль, відкіля, звідки, звідкіль, from where

звідкіля

вгорі above, on top

вгору upwards

згори from above

догори up there, upwards

внизу at the bottom, downstairs

вниз downwards

знизу from below

донизу down, down below

здолу (rare) = знизу

зверху from above

доверху up, up above

ззаду from behind, behind

з-позаду from behind

звисока from up high

спереду before, in front

сперед out of, from, from under

удома, дома* at home

додому homewards, to home

*дома is seen by some informants as a Russianism, but it is present in the 1997 orthographic dictionary.

Вліво to, on the left

вправо to, on the right

праворуч to, on the right (side)

ліворуч to, on the left (side)

навколо round, around, all around

по всіх усюдах all over

з усіх усюд (усюдів) from everywhere

Indefinites

Forms containing the elements –сь, -будь-, -небудь are structurally and semantically the same as the corresponding indefinite pronouns, in which these elements express ‘some-‘ and ‘any-‘ (compare the indefinite pronouns).

Десь somewhere (secondary meaning: probably, likely)

десь інде somewhere else

десь-не-десь somewhere or other

де-небудь anywhere, somewhere

будь-де everywhere, wherever . . .

де-не-де, де-де here and there

кудись to somewhere

куди-небудь to anywhere

подекуди here and there, somewhere (secondary meaning: partly, somewhat)

NEGATIVES

Negative adverbs are marked by the addition of the prefix ні- to the positive adverb; note the retraction of stress in the second example, viz. Куди –нікуди.

Ніде nowhere

нікуди (motion) to nowhere, to no place

нізвідки, нізвідкіль, from nowhere

нізвідкіля, нівідкіль

Ніде There is nowhere (to do X).

Нікуди There is nowhere to go.

Нівідкіль there is no place from which . . .

The place of stress is crucial in these forms, as initial stress upon the negative prefix adds the notion of a ‘lack’ of something to the base adverb.

ADVERBS OF TIME AND TIME EXPRESSIONS

Adverbs and adverbial constructions indicating the time frame in which an action takes place are termed ‘adverbs of time’. Note below the large number of derived formations (both compounds and diminutive, expressive forms), as is the case with adverbs of location.