Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту україни смілянський технікум харчових технологій

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ХАРЧОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

English – 2

ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Навчальний посібник

для студентів 2 курсу всіх спеціальностей

Сміла 2012

Розглянуто на засіданні комісії соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін

Смілянського технікуму харчових технологій

Протокол №__________ від”____”______________ 2012 р.

Рекомендовано методичною радою

Смілянського технікуму харчових технологій

Протокол № ________ від”____”_____________2012 р.

Укладач: УсенкоТ.Й.

Відповідальний редактор: Бардадим А.Ю.

Рецензент: Тищенко С.М.

Передмова

Навчальний посібник по країнознавству включає матеріали по історії, географії, культурі США, Канади, Австралії, Нової Зеландії. Вправи і завдання різного ступеня складності. В кінці посібника є тест, який складається із 175 питань до всіх розділів посібника.

Посібник призначений для студентів 2 курсу всіх спеціальностей і відповідає вимогам програми.

Lesson 1

1.Usa.General Outlook..

• Reading and speaking.

You are going to read about the USA.

Pre-reading task.

1). Check the meaning of these words in your dictionary.

preliminary	to be twins
an output	to enter
suburbs	tiny
the Potomac	tiny

Physical map of the United States

Reading

Read about the USA

The united states of america

• Official name

  Status

  Area

  Population

  Capital

  the United States of America (the USA)

• A Federal Republic, a union of 50 states

• 9,364,000 square kilometres

• 232,000,000

• Washington

Languages — English is the official and predominant language. Spanish, Italian, German, Polish, Yiddish, Russian and others are also spoken in the USA.

The United States is one of the largest countries in the world. The United States and Canada are almost twins in size. But Canada is a little bigger.

The whole name of the United States is United States of America. For short,, the country is often called the USA. There are fifty states and district of Columbia.

The United States of America lies in the central part of the North American continent between the. two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Thus ships can sail from the United States ports to the Indian Ocean by way of cither the Pacific or the Atlantic. Friendly Canada to the north and friendly Mexico to the south are the only countries bordering the United States.

The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, situated in central part of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska separated by the Canadian territory and the rest major part of the USA, The states differ very much in size, population and economical development.

The I5SA is a country of great diversity. It is due to its geography, the weather, the landscape and the way of living.

The Great Rocky Mountains run north and south. Some of them form a divide between rivers that flow westward and those that flow toward the Atlantic or its arm, the Gulf of Mexico.

East of that divide are two of the world's longest rivers. One is the famous Mississippi. The Missouri, one of the Mississippi's many long branches, is about that long too.

There are many big cities and.towns in the USA. New York, San Francisco, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles are the biggest of them.

The United States developed from the English colonies. After a long eight years struggle (1775-1783) the colonists gained their independence. The American colonists were led by a talented soldier George Washington who later became the first president of the USA. The capital was named after the first president.

The USA is a highly developed industrialized country. It has very powerful industries, advanced technologies and science. Electronic and electric engineering., transport, communication and machine-tool industries can be found almost in all large cities of the USA.

The USA is a federal republic.

The Government of the US is composed of three branches — executive, legislative and judicial. The executive branch sees that laws are carried out. The legislative branch makes new laws. And the judicial branch makes sure that the laws and actions of the other branches agree with the Constitution.

In the White House the president carries out his many duties as head of the executive branch bf the government. He appoints cabinet members, each of whom becomes the head of a very important governmental department.

Not far from the White House stands the Capitol. Here the Congress, the legislative branch of the government, meets to make laws to govern the country. The Senate and the House of Representatives form the Congress.

	W A S H I N G T 0 N
The beautiful city of Washington, District of Columbia is the capital of the United States and the centre of its government. In white stone and marble buildings surrounded by green parks, thousands of people are working for national government.
The city was founded was built according to	in 1790 and named after the first US president. It preliminary plan.

The city industry is not well developed because its main output are laws and government decisions. Washington is the residence of the President and the Congress of the United States, all government departments and other institutions.

Washington is a large scientific and cultural centre where there are many research institutes, five universities, the National Academy of Science and the Library of Congress. There are also two very important buildings here —- the Capitol (the seat of Congress) and the White House (the President's residence).

The third well-known building — Pentagon, the residence of the US Military department, is situated in the suburbs, to the south of the Potomac. It has the shape of five huge regular concentric pentagons. Because of its size it could not be built in the city.