Домашнее задание к уроку 8

Выполните упражнения I, II, III.

Упражнения

Упражнение I. Переведите тексты 1 и 2 с листа:

Текст 1

The European union (Eu)

The European Union was established on the basis of the Treaty of Rome signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. In 1973 they were joined by Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom, in 1981 by Greece and in 1986 by Spain and Portugal.

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The main institutions of the European Union are the European Council of Ministers, the Commission, the European Parliament and the Court of Justice. The Council consists of one Minister from each member state. It acts mainly on proposals from the Commission, a policy planning and executive body whose 17 members are appointed for four years by the common consent of the member governments. As well as drawing up policy proposals for approval by the Council, the Commission also acts as the guardian of the Union laws and ensures their application in all member states.

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The European Parliament has 518 members. Until 1979 they were nominated by national legislative bodies from among their own members. Direct election to the Parliament commenced in June 1979. The Parliament considers proposals from the Commission and has the right to question individual Commissioners and, ultimately to dismiss the Commission itself. These elements of democratic control have gradually been extended and the Parliament now has increased control over the Union budget.

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The final arbiter on Community law is the Court of Justice. Its 12 judges, one from each member state, settle disputes over the interpretation and application of the Union law and have the power to overturn decisions deemed to be contrary to the Trea­­ties establishing the Union. Its judgements are binding on the Commission, on national governments, on firms and indi­vi­duals.

A major Union aim is greater integration of the economies of its member states. The first step in this direction was the introduction of a customs union, involving the elimination of the tariffs and quotas on trade between member countries and the introduction of a common tariff in dealings with non-member countries. Establishment of a common agricultural policy was an important aspect in setting up the customs union.

In 1985, the Commission proposed an ambitious programme of legislative proposals designated to create a single European market enabling goods, services, capital and people to move freely within and between member states.

Текст 2

A special EU Summit took decisions on the location of the European Monetary Institute, forerunner of an EU Central Bank, in Frankfurt and on several new actions to begin to give effect to the Common Security and Foreign Policy of the Union.

As regards foreign policy actions, the Union saw the first Summit meeting between Russia and the European Union, represented by the Prime Minister of Belgium (representing the Presidency of the Council) and the President of the Commission, Jacques Delors. This activates one important clause of the new Treaty with Russia in advance of ratification.

By December 1993 it became clear that the Partnership and Co­operation Agreement between the EU and the Russian Federation – was going to be signed.

The Union proposed to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe a new "Stability Pact", designed to assure the rights of the many ethnic minorities and the stability of frontiers that concern them. The idea here is one of preventive diplomacy, to avoid other Yugoslavia-type problems becoming crises^* and tragedies.

Упражнение II.

Дайте русские эквиваленты:

The European Union, forerunner, a common foreign and security policy, to institutionalize smth, under the 1957 treaty of Rome, to tackle mass unemployment, to supervise the single European currency, European Monetary institute, interim period, to exceed the level of budget deficit, to exceed the level of state debt, to fulfil one’s obligations. Ethnic minorities, to focus on smth, to extend interim period, European Monetary Union, provisions of a treaty, inter alia, writ large.