687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

C 2B5 D383 B 8C C 5 C, 2C4 7 DC 323674C 6B8

7 B6CD9 DB89AB C 2B5 3 D383 B 3 D7 CC.

"2B A 7 B BE B D9 4 &5 E7, B D2B3 B1B 7 B B53 3 232 5 B1B A7 787, 53 F 5A2 %FE2 2 6 B 3D E D9 5 4C 83 7 B B2 83 $7 A5C D7:

C =	1	log		n	= 2F log		n	= B log		n ,
			2			2			2
T				c			c			c

163 T = 1 – 68CD389 B D9 36C C4 B1B C D325787; n – 4C 8B 747FC

2F	c

B C C 5 AB63 (AB8C43 D5B 27 8C4C B DB C C B2 7 CB B1B

727 3D27).

'3789 7 & * 5&542( B A7 78 5 C, C 32 3 7 A7A AB8C43 D5B 67, 32367573 B3 7 36C C 523 3 C (ECD/ ), BE 4 B 3 9 3 2B A B B BE B DC C 75C CD BD 727 3D2B5 A7 78BBE27 F3 7 727D 2 C B BE7 B217 C 7 CC 323674C 67.

3. $5 5 2E85 2E2FA 9 FA88 – 532B D B D9 C A7 3 C ECD7 C-7 5B 63 D5C B 3 C 78C4C B5 5 A7 783 5 C (BE 4 B 68 ,! E3 6B B8 CD389 236 D5 7FCD B D758 3D BD 10-4 6B 10-6); C B167 C B89 3D 36C C 7 C 323 C BER (Bit Error Rate) – A5 9 B D9A ADB D% DC.

2.2.5. 85E54A8A3 8F2 9 26F C 9

!C D3 5 C, 5 ABDB2 B B6 B 8C CC 5 C B F3 D58 3D B6 B523 3 7 3 75C C 7 3236747 C1 78B5 3 6 3 AB89AC C 727 C 7EB 3 DB5, 7 57 D 685 54A8A3 8 69.

5 B89 B57 C3 BEF3 8C CC 68 B F3 D583 C B1BA7 789 B 5 C 7 573D 7 35 828926 8C CC, 7 BBD53D D5 FC3 D3 C43 AC3 236 D57 – A AEA 7E5 7 35 8289C.

! 3 7 B1BA7 789 B C D3 5 C 2C5363 7 7 2C.2.14 163 B B5 C D2B D57 C 58 D: D2B D5B 8BD 3 C (//), BE936C F33 5 36C BDBA B D 7 FC3 BD 32367 FC D2B D5 ("/) BBEF3 C, B2 C2 3 3 C DB4 CA7 C BBEF3 C (5!), C D2B D5B 27 6383 C (/'), 5 638 F33 C 36C B1B BDBA7 67 BBEF3 C, B D 7 FC3 5 2C3 3 D2B D57 ("2/) C 236 7 743 3 BBD53D D5 FC B8 47D38 BBEF3 C ("!).

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123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

276C CB 3 E5AD4 F 6DA 5 (EF6 A 65C9 8DB2, 8234565) A7 78B5:

1)(2 , – 236B D7583 C3 A7 6B 723 5 7C B63 D5 FC 7EB 3 DB5 5 27 47 DBD 6C7 7 B 7 B 236383 B B8B 2B A7 C, 6B D7DB4 B 68 323674C 67;

2)&5 5D, – BB43236 B3 B6A8 43 C3 5 27 523 3 C D325787 5 7C B63 D5 FC 7EB 3 DB5 A BEF3 8C CC 5 C.

7AC BE27 B, 5 B6 B *! B 3D E D9 B217 C B57 B 3 AB89AB ,!.

%&DB 8 473 *! B B 27 7D2C57D9 A7A B5BA B D9 D3 C43 AC 236 D5 68 323674C C1 78B5, 7 ,! – A7A 6B8 23 2 B5 *! BBD53D D5 F3 A7 78BBE27 F3 7 727D 2B (7 727D 2B 8BD 3 C), 236B D758 3 B6 B 723 5 7C B63 D5 FC 7EB 3 DB5 68 323674C 67.

2.2.6. 2 5 F 673 9 324 9 5 A89C

73 9 324 9E5 A892 - D3 B8B1C 27 6383 C 236 323674C 67 3 6 3 AB89AC C 727 C B89 B57D383. % 23 89D7D3 89DC 83A C2B57 C 5 B6 B C C43 AB A7 783 B 673D 12 7 8B1C43 AC A7 78B5.

% AB 9 D32 3D C B89 D 836 FC3 3DB6 89DC 83A C2B57 C:

•47 DBD B3 89DC 83A C2B57 C3;

•523 3D3 89DC 83A C2B57 C3;

•5B8 B5B3 89DC 83A C2B57 C3.

2.2.6.1. 123454657 89AB4CDA7E3CF5 26C7

&A 5 852 673 9 324 9E5 A892 (Frequency Division Multiplexing

– FDM) B DBCD 5		B2 C2B57 CC 5 236387 B8B 2B A7 C F
C C43 AB1B	A7 787	(8C CC 5 C)	3 AB89AC 8B1C43 AC	A7 78B5
K1, K 2 ,..., K N ,	5 57 FC BBD53D D53 B B89 B57D383 A1-B1, A2-B2,
…, A N-BN. ,7 6		D7AB 8B1C43 AC	A7 78 7 C 73D B8B	f << F
(2C.2.15).

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92

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

#8 C A8 43 C 58C C 62 1 7 62 17 C1 78B5, 32367573 B B 36 C 8B1C43 AC A7 787, 3 6 C C B2 C2 3D 47 DBD 2B 3 DBA f < f , 8 7FC 127 C 3 3 6 A7 787 C.

"2C 327 C 47 DBD B1B 89DC 83A C2B57 C B1 D 8 CD9 276CB53F7 C3 C BDB57 5 9.

2.2.6.2. F7876657 89AB4CDA7E3CF5 26C7

'E2628852 673 9 324 9E5 A892 (Time Division Multiplexing – TDM) 7A8 473D 5 BB432 6 B 236B D7583 CC 5 7C B63 D5 FC B89 B57D38 7 3EB89 B 2B 3 DBA 523 3 C, 7 573 E26288 6 35 56, 5 3 2B A B B BE B DC A7 787.

% A743 D53 D7AB1B 523 3D1B 8BD7 B 3D 8 CD9 C D32578 523 3 C, 3BE B6C 68 323674C B6 B1B E7 D7, A7627 C8C 7A3D7.

%23 3 B3 89DC 83A C2B57 C3 B 5C8B 9 C 27 27E7D 578B 9 68 C 2B5 3D3 5 C.

$7 2C.2.16 C88 D2C2 3D 523 3 B3 89DC 83A C2B57 C3, BE3 34C57 F33 72788389 323674 67 3 6 43D 29 727 C B89 B57D383: A1-B1, A2-B2, A3-B3, A4-B4,. #8 323674C B6 B1B E7 D7 A7 6B 723 B89 B57D383 5 D2B1B B 23638 B B 836B57D389 B DC 236B D758 3D 523 3 B 8BD: 8BD 1 68 323674C E7 D7 BD A1 A B1, 8BD 2 – BD A2 A B2, 8BD 3 – BD A3 A B3, 8BD 4 – BD A4 A B4. 13D 23 D7AC 8BD7, B632 7FC3 B B6 B E7 D 68 A7 6B 72 B89 B57D383, BE27 D B943. (CA8 B 836B57D389 B B5DB2 D 6B D3 B2, BA7 3 7AB 4CD 3236747 67. 4 8C 5 CA83 BD D D5 D 67 3 68 323674C BD B89 B57D38 A i , DB BBD53D D5 FC 8BD i BcD7 D D C 3 B 3D E D9 7 D 62 1C B89 B57D383. )DB 3BE B6C B 68 DB1B, 4DBE 7 2C B DB2B 3 63 89DC 83A B2 (#3") B1 AB223AD B 27 638 D9 B D 7 FC BDBA E7 DB5 B B 32 8BD7 C 7 2758 D9 A7 6 E7 D C 3 B DB B89 B57D38, ABDB2B B 236 7 743. '7 BD23 3DB6 523 3 B1B 89DC 83A C2B57 C 7 573D A 9 2 496 C8C 98 E588 6, B AB89A A7 6 E7 D BD B89 B57D383 A1, A2, A3, A4 7 C 73D D2B1B B 23638 8BD 5 A7 6B CA83.

	.1		B1
	.2	!8BD	B2
		4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
	3"		#3"
	.3		B3
	.4	(CA8	B4
			2.16
	+435C6 B, 4DB 54D9A2ACDE C 2B B1B 89DC 83A C2B57 C
	58 3D C 3 C3 23789 B 2B A B B BE B DC A7 787 5 C 5 D3

93

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

8 47, AB167 5 236387 CA87 3 5 3 523 3 3 8BD 7 D, 2C4 43 EB89 3 8BDB5 3 7 DB, D3 C 3 23789 7 2B A 7 B BE B D9 A7 787.

.89D32 7DC5B C 2B B 523 3D 89DC 83A C2B57 C 8 CD A 9 9 2 452 C8C A 98 E58852 89DC 83A C2B57 C3, BD8C47 F33 D3, 4DB 8BD 3 2C5 7 D2B1B A AB A23D B 723 B89 B57D383. )DB B 7473D, 4DB 2C BD D D5CC 67 68 323674C A7AB1B-DB B89 B57D38, B43236 B 8BD 3 B D7 D D, 7 236B D758 3D 62 1B B89 B57D38. 7AC BE27 B, 7 4 D BA27F3 C 2B DB35 23789 7 2B A 7 B BE B D9 A7 787 5 C BA7 573D 5 3, 43 2C C 2B B 89DC 83A C2B57 CC.

#8 DB1B 4DBE 7 2C B DB2B 3 #3" B1 7 275CD9 B D C5 C3 5 B43236 B 8BD3 67 3 C 3 B DB B89 B57D38, ABDB2B B C 236 7 743, 3BE B6C B, 4DBE &DC 67 3 C 38C 3ABDB2 C63 DC CA7DB2 (7 2C 32, 7623), B 23638 FC AB A23D B1B B89 B57D38-B8 47D38. )DB B 7473D, 4DB D7AB 3DB6 523 3 B1B 89DC 83A C2B57 C, C B89 3 7 2C 32 5 . 3-3D, 236 B87173D 5 A743 D53 B632 C B1B 8BD7 3 E7 D, 7 3ABDB2 E8BA 67, 7 573 5 . 3-3D 5 CD C B632 7FC C63 DC CA7DB2 BD 275CD38 C B8 47D38.

2.2.6.3. 5A65 57 89AB4CDA7E3CF5 26C7

'5385 52 673 9 324 9E5 A892 (Wavelength Division Multiplexing – WDM), 7 573 B3 D7A 3 9 5CA826 E F 6DA 5 5E, C B89 3D 5 5B8BAB B-B DC43 AC 8C C 5 C. "B 5B3 DC, 5B8 B5B3 89DC 83A C2B57 C3 236 D758 3D BEB 47 DBD B3 8BD 3 C3 7 B43 9 5 BAC 47 DBD7 (BD C 7).

$7 2C.2.17 BA7 7 7 3236747 67 B 5B8BAB B-B DC43 AB 8C CC 5 C (%+*!) BD 43D 2 B89 B57D383 .1, .2, .3, .4 A B89 B57D38 %1, %2, %3, %4 BBD53D D53 B. #8 B6 B523 3 B 323674C

B B6 B C	DB 3 8C CC 5 C C B89 D 27 3 68C 5B8:
λ1, λ2 , λ3 , λ4	C8C, 4DB DB 3 7 B3, 27 3 47 DBD 53DB5B1B 6C7 7 B 7. $7
32367 F3 DB2B 3 B DC43 AC3 8 4C BE936C D B BF9
B DC43 AB1B 7DB27 (+!) 5 36C 53DB5B BDBA λ1 + λ2 + λ3 + λ4 .
$7 2C B DB2B 3 B DC43 AC 27 638CD389 (+') 5 638 3D B DC43 AC3
C1 78 B C 53 D B 68C 3 5B8 C 7 2758 3D C BBD53D D5 FC
B89 B57D38.

3 B8B1C WDM B 5C87 9 5 74783 901B6B5 2B 8B1B 53A7. "325 3 2378C 7 CC B 5B8 8C 3236757D9 B6 B523 3 B 67 3 B 8 3AD2789 A7 787 B AB2B D9 2,5 7ECD/ B A7 6B A7 78. 87D3 B 5C8C 9 2378C 7 CC, B632 7FC3 16, 32, 40 C EB833 3AD2789 A7 78B5 B AB2B D C 10 7ECD/ B A7 6B A7 78. /538C43 C3 4C 87 8B1C43 AC A7 78B5 2C538B A B 583 C B DC43 AC 71C D2783 B5B1B BAB83 C, B D2B3 B D3 B8B1CC 7 35 8(885 5 5385 5 5

94

			123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2
673 9 324 9E5 A89C			– DWDM (Dense WDM), BD8C47 F31B BD WDM
74CD389 B 3 9 C 27 DB C3 3 6 68C 7 C 5B8.
λ1								λ
.1								4	B4
λ2				%+*!				λ
.2								3	B3
			λ1 + λ2 + λ3 + λ4
λ3		+!					+'	λ
.3								2	B2
λ4								λ
.4								1	B1
									2.17
2.3. 7A4 6 4 9 BB B D4 B 45 3B9 336C
"3236747 67 B F3 D58 3D 5 5C63 C C43 AC C1 78B5
27 8C4 B 2C2B6 (&83AD2C43 AC3, B DC43 AC3, 276CB5B8) 5
75C C B DC BD 236 323674C. #8 BE3 343 C A743 D53 B 323674C
C B89 D		27 8C4 3		B BE		23BE27 B57 C			67,
236 D758 3 5 5C63 3 232 5 C8C 6C A23D 58B C1 78B5,
5 6 5 5 C C43 AC3 C1 78 (3 232 5 3 C8C 6C A23D 3),
32367573 3 B 8C CC 5 C.
"2B 3 23BE27 B57 C 5 858 B 9 26DB C C 236 D7583 C3 5
5C63 C C43 AC C1 78B5 68 A743 D53 B 323674C B A7 787 5 C
7 573D 65F73CB92.
3B6 8 C B 3D B F3 D58 D9 (2C.2.18):
• 7	B B53		5 858 B D D (7 78B1B5B1B) 5 BAB47 DBD B1B
C BC6789 B1B C1 787, 7 573 B1B 59F 5 (2 26 2#								4!6#" #);
• 7 B B53 4 9C85A D D (C 2B5B1B)						C1 787	5 5C63	C 89 B5
( !6* 2# C8C " '& 2# B6 8 C).
5 &5& 5			3B6 8 C		+ 3 (5 ,
42 5					26 y(t)		5 89 7
(325C4			. 78B1B57
C1 78 x(t))			B6 8 C
							(C 2B57)
x(t)				5 &5& ,		9 &5 ,
		t		26		26
				(.3, 13)		(.53,
			y(t)			y(t)
					t				t
									2.18
									95

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

"2B 3 23BE27 B57 C 6C A23D 67, 236 D758 3 6C A23D C 58B E C1 787 C, 5 C C43 AC3 6 5 5 C1 78 (3 232 5 3 C8C 6C A23D 3), 32367573 3 B A7 78 (8C CC) 5 C,

7 573D 9 9 2 496 45F9E5 A8926.

+ B5 3 DC C C43 AB1B AB6C2B57 C (2C.2.19):

•7 B B53 5 858 B D D (7 78B1B5B1B) C BC6789 B1B 3 F31B C1 787 ( 2 !6#" #);

•7 B B53 B 836B57D389 B DC 2 B 1B89 C 89 B5

(" '& 5 4 & 2 5).

9 &5 5		0C C43 AB3	+ 3 (5 ,
		AB6C2B57 C3
42 5			26 y(t)
		. 78B1B57
(325C4				(C 2B5B3
C1 78 x(t))		B6 8 C		AB6C2B57 C
x(t)		(7 C 8 C
		5 &5& ,		9 &5 ,
	t	26		26
		(.3, 13, 03)		(NRZ, RZ,…)
		y(t)		y(t)
			t	t
				2.19

2.3.1.2 5 F 65 73CB99 82 2 F 8F A88F

2.3.1.1.62A5 5 2 85 9A C

)8A35 5 AC	65F73CB9C	–	23BE27 B57 C3		3 232 5 B1B
C AB47 DBD B1B	C1 787	x(t)	(2C.2.20,7)	5	3 232 5

5 BAB47 DBD C1 78 y(t) , 7 573 59F 5 C BE8767 FC EB833 5 BAC C 727AD32C DCA7 C 5 BD B 3 CC 6789 B DC 323674C C

7D 7 C. .78B1B57 B6 8 C B 3D			E D9 2378C B57 7 65
B BE7 C:
1)	2 6 !4 2#	4!6#" #,	2C	ABDB2B	7 8CD 67
5 BAB47 DBD B1B C1 787		y(t) C 3 3D	5 BBD53D D5CC		C B6 B

A C3 x(t) D7A, A7A &DB BA7 7 B 7 2C.2.20,E: B1CE7 F7 7 8CD 6 3 F3 B5DB2 3D B2 C B6 B A CC x(t) ;

2) (2 2#	4!6#" # (2C.2.20,5), 2C ABDB2B 5 BBD53D D5CC
C B6 B A C3	x(t) C 3 3D 47 DBD7 3 F3 – 43 EB89 3

743 C3 x(t) , D3 EB89 3 47 DBD7 3 F3 y(t) .

. 78B1B57 B6 8 C C B89 3D 5 276CB53F7 CC 2C 27EBD3 B 3 D57 276CB D7 C 5 B6 B BEF3 2363 323674C (276CB& C23): 2E 6 AF4 2 ED4F6 68 27EBD 276CB D7 C 5 .3-6C7 7 B 3

96

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

(Amplitude		Modulation)		C	29ADA 2
ED4F6 68 27EBD 276CB D7 C 5 FM-						7)	x(t)
6C7 7 B 3 (Frequence Modulatin).
2.3.1.2. 8D9AB362 85 9A C								t
	5 B89 B57 C3		C 2B5		A7 78B5
5 C	68	323674C	D383 B 67			E)		t
(23435B1B C1 787) 5 74783 601B6B5
2B 8B1B		53A7 BD23EB578B			27 27EBDAC		y(t)
3DB6B5		23BE27 B57 C		3 232 5
C1 78B5 5 6C A23D 3, D7AC A7A:						5)		t
	1) 7 8CD 6 B-C 89 7 B6 8 C;
	2) C 89 B-AB6B57 B6 8 C.
								2.20
	)6 39 7F85-96 73 8AC				65F73CB9C
()*	) (Pulse .mplitude Modulation – PAM) 7A8 473D 5 23BE27 B57 CC

3 232 5 B1B C1 787 5 B5BA B D9 6C A23D C1 78B5 (E F6 9DB) B 236383 B 2E 6 AF4D. #8 &DB1B C B6 7 3 232 5 7 A C x(t) B6532173D 6C A23DC 7 CC (A57 D 3D) B 523 3 C D7A, A7A &DB BA7 7 B 7 2C.2.21,7. 17 DBD7 6C A23DC 7 CC B 523 3 C B 23638 3D 5 BBD53D D5CC A5D85ED 'DA56 CDB2, ABDB27 187 CD, 4DB 68 5B D7 B583 C E3 BD329 3 232 5 B1B C1 787, 236 D7583 B1B 5 6C A23D B 5C63, 47 DBD7 6C A23DC 7 CC Fd 6B8 7 6B583D5B2 D9 8B5C: Fd > 2 f5 , 163 f5 – 532 47 DBD7 32367573 B1B C1 787 x(t) . % B8 43 3 D7AC BE27 B 6C A23D 3 B 3 D 523 3 C 32367 D C 89 y(t) , 7 8CD 67 ABDB2 8D D8 D 26 2 743 C A CC x(t) 5 &DC 3 B 3 D 523 3 C (2C.2.21,E).

! F3 D53 36B D7DAB .53 2C 3236743 B C 2B57 67 B A7 78 5 C 58 3D 8B B D9 AB223AD B1B 5B D7 B583 C A CC x(t) 7 2C B AB 3, 4DB BE 8B583 B 3 2B B2 CB 789 C 3 3 C3 (7D 7 C3) 7 8CD 6 27 C 89 B5 y(t) 5 2B 3 3 323674C B A7 78 5 C. % 5 C &DC, EB833 C2BAB3 27 2B D27 3 C3 B8 4C8 62 1B 3DB6 323674C 3 232 5 67 5 6C A23D B 5C63 – C 89 B-AB6B57 B6 8 C.

*6 73 85-45F5 AC 65F73CB9C (* ) (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM) – 3DB6 B6 8 CC, 2C ABDB2B 7 78B1B5 C1 78 AB6C2 3D 32C C C 89 B5, 236 D758 FC C BEB 8DB 5 CD4 7 8CD 6 5 DB4A7 BD 43D7 7 78B1B5B1B C1 787.

#8 &DB1B C B6 C1 78 B6532173D 6C A23DC 7 CC (A57 D 3D) B 65 ABB26C 7D7:

•B B C 7E C – 6C A23DC 7 C B 523 3 C;

•B B C B26C 7D – 6C A23DC 7 C B 2B5.

•#C A23DC 7 C B 523 3 C, A7A C 5 8 473 .53, 5 B8 3D 5 BBD53D D5CC D3B23 B ,BD389 CAB57. "B AB89A 5,3 325B 74789 B 27 27E7D 5787 9 68 323674C D383 B 67 (1B8B 7) B

97

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

D383 B A7 787, C 3 FC 23 AB B127 C43 B8B 2B A7 C 5 C D325783 BD 300 7 6B 3400 7, DB 5 BBD53D D5CC D3B23 B ,BD389 CAB57 47 DBD7 6C A23DC 7 CC 6B8 7 E D9 EB89 3, 43 6800 7. !D7 672DB E 87 23AB 3 6B57 7 47 DBD7 6C A23DC 7 CC 8000 7. 7AC BE27 B, 7 8CD 67 7 78B1B5B1B C1 787 C 32 3D 8000 27 5 3A 6, DB 3 D9 A7 6 3 125 A.

x(t)

255

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0 t y(t)

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t

5)	0	1	1	1	1	0		0	t
		125 A
										2.21

,2B 3 DB1B, E 8B D7 B583 B, 4DB 68 A743 D53 B1B 5B D7 B583 C 7 78B1B5B1B C1 787 (1B8B 7) 6B D7DB4 B C 3D9 256 2B5 3 6C A23DC 7 CC (2C.2.21,7), 4DB B 5B8 3D 3236757D9 5 A7 6 B 3 D 523 3 C 743 C3 7 8CD 6 (B 32 2B5) C1 787 B BF9 8-27 2 6 B1B C 2B5B1B AB67 (8 ECDB5), A7A &DB BA7 7 B 7 2C.2.21,5.

7AC BE27 B, 853F6 A 8F$ 4 9C85A DADC 42 585425A9 9D 9CD8D9A$ 8000 [27 5 3A 6]*8 [ECD] = 64 000 ECD/ , DB 3 D9 46 58542 D 8DB2 D D D6D92 A85 F5A9 C2 26 9B 3 9 8D F9C D 9 D9D D9A$ 64 C A/9.

#8 3 9 3 C D23E 3 B 68 323674C B C 2B57 B1B 1B8B 7 2B A B B BE B DC A7 787 5 C 2C 3 3D B6C C C2B57 3DB6 5,3, D7 672DC B57 AB CD3DB ITU-T (D7 672D G.726) –

AFA 9 8AC F9 2E28B9A3 8AC 96 73 85-45F5 AC 65F73CB9C

(.#5,3, Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation – ADP CM).

32 C «6C 323 C789 7 (27 B D 7)» B 7473D, 4DB B A7 78 5 C 32367 D 3 743 C3 7 8CD 6, 7 823 D9A 3 6 D3A FC

98

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

743 C3 3 232 5 B1B C1 787 5 DB4A3 A57 DB57 C C 236 6 FC. "B AB89A AB2B D9 C 3 3 C C B6 B1B 7 78B1B5B1B C1 787 3 9 3 47 DBD A57 DB57 C, DB 532B D B D9 EB89 B1B 27 8C4C 3 6 B 36 C C 7 8CD 67 C 423 5 47 B 787, C 68 AB6C2B57 C &DB 27 B DC 6B D7DB4 B 4- ECD, B 5B8 FC 7AB6C2B57D9 &D 27 B D9 5 C D325783 BD 0 6B 15. B167 2C 8B5CC, 4DB 47 DBD7 A57 DB57 C B 523 3 C B D758 3D 8000 27 5 3A 6, B8 4C AB2B D9 323674C 8000*4 = 32 AECD/ , 4DB 565B3 3 9 3 D7 672D B AB2B DC 5,3.

-B833 8B 572C7 DB 6C 323 C789 B C 89 B-AB6B5B B6 8 CC 58 3D CD4 8DB2 5 9 8549C232 5E, 2C ABDB2B AB6C2 3D C 32367 D 27 C 7 3 6 23789 C 236 A7 7 7 B B53 3 AB89AC 236 6 FC BD 4 DB5 743 C3 C1 787. )DB B 5B8 3D 3F EB89 3 3 9 CD9 AB8C43 D5B ECDB5 68 AB6C2B57 C B6 B1B 7 327 C1 787 C, 836B57D389 B, 3 9 CD9 D23EB57 C3 A 2B A B B BE B DC A7 787 5 C. !D7 672D G.726 6B A73D C B89 B57 C3 5-C, 3- C 2- ECDB5 68 AB6C2B57 C B6 B1B 7 327 C1 787, 4DB B 5B8 3D B8 4CD9 AB2B DC 323674C (%9 E2) 40, 24 C 16 AECD/ .

.67 DC5 B D9 B6 8 CC 7A8 473D 5 6C 7 C43 AB B6 D2B A3 717 A57 DB57 C 27 C B 236 6 FC 743 C.

2.3.2. 2 5 F 65 73CB99 9 4 2 8F A88F

"2B 3 236 D7583 C 6C A23D (C 2B5) 67 5 5C63 3 232 5 B1B 5 BAB47 DBD B1B C BC6789 B1B C1 787 (3 F3) B 5B3 DC 58 3D 7 78B1B5B B6 8 C3 6C A23D 67. +6 7AB,

68 DB1B 4DBE 31B BD8C47D9 BD 7 78B1B5B B6 8 CC 3 232 5 67, D7AB3 23BE27 B57 C3 47 DB 7 57 D 2 !6#" 5,.

37 C 8 C 2C 3 3D 68 323674C 6C A23D 67 (C1 78B5) 5 5C63 3 232 5 C1 78B5 B A7 787 AB B8B B 47 DBD, 7 2C 32 B D383 B A7 787, C 3 FC B127 C43 B8B 2B A7 C 5 3100 7, C 2378C 3D B BF9 B63 B5.

,B 9 D32 3 67 3 – 65BC4 3 «1» C «0» – BE 4 B C BE27 7 D 5 5C63 BD3 C78B5 BBD53D D53 B 5 BAB1B C C AB1B 2B5 3 (2C.2.22,2). 7AB 3DB6 236 D7583 C 65BC4 67 58 3D 7CEB833 3 D3 D53 C 2B D C 7 573D 5 28B9A3 8 6 45F9E5 A8926.

%23, 7D274C573 B3 7 323674 B6 B1B ECD7 («1» C8C «0»), 7 573D %9 5 6 98 2E A356. #8CD389 B D9 tb ECDB5B1B C D325787 5 7 7 2B A B B BE B D9 A7 787 5 C C (AB2B D9 323674C) 75C C B D9: tb =1/ C .

"2C BD3 C789 B AB6C2B57 CC 9CD8D9A ED4F6 B 4C 83 B B5 7673D 8D F9C D 9 D9D D9A$ A7 787 : B [EB6]= C [ECD/ ].

$7 2C 32, 68 A7 787 5 C 2B A B B BE B D9 =10 3ECD/ 68CD389 B D9 ECDB5B1B C D325787 = 100 , 7 AB2B D9 B6 8 CC

=10 3EB6.

99

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

#8 323674C 65BC4 67 B1 D C B89 B57D9 836 FC3 3DB6 7 C 8 CC:

• 2 6 !4 2# 2 !6#" # (Amplitude Shift Keying, ASK): 68 236 D7583 C «1» C «0» C B89 D 27 3 2B5 C 7 8CD 6 5 BAB47 DBD B 3 F3 (2C.2.22,E); C-7 C AB B 3 B DB 4C5B DC &DBD 3DB6 BE 4 B 2C 3 3D 5 B43D7 CC 62 1C C 3DB67 C, 7 2C 32 7 B5B 7 C 8 C3;

• (2 2# 2 !6#" # (Frequency Shift Keying, FSK): 743 C

«0» C «1» 32367 D C BC67 C 27 8C4 B 47 DBDB (2C.2.22,5); &DBD 3DB6 2B D 5 2378C 7 CC C BE 4 B 2C 3 3D 5 C AB AB2B D B63 7;

• '23 2# 2 !6#" # (Phase Shift Keying, PSK): 743 C «0» C

«1» BBD53D D5 D C BC6 B6C 7AB5B 47 DBD C B6C 7AB5B 7 8CD 6B, B 27 8C4 B 7 B, 7 2C 32 0 C 180 1276 B5 (2C.2.22,1).

7)	1	0	1	0	1
					t
E)					ASK

FSK

1) PSK

tb	-CDB5
	C D32578		2.22

$7 27ADCA3 BE 4 B C B89 D AB EC C2B57 3 3DB6 B6 8 CC, BE3 34C57 FC3 EB833 5 BAC3 AB2B DC 323674C C 8 4 B 3 B 7FCF B D9. $7 2C 32, 3DB6 CB2482AF8 D 2E 6 AF4 D ED4F6 (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM) B B57 7 B43D7 CC 7 B5B B6 8 CC 8 743 C C 538C4C 65C17 7 C 7 8CD 6 B B6 8 CC 4 2B5 C 7 8CD 6. '7 B 757 C3 B CEBA 2C 3236743 B F3 D58 3D 7 4 D C E DB4 B DC AB6C2B57 C, 7A8 47 F3 5 C B89 B57 CC 3 5 3 325B B AB EC 7 C C1 787.

2.3.3. 9 5 52 45 9 5 A892

"2C C 2B5B AB6C2B57 CC 6C A23D 67 2C 3 D BD3 C789 3 C C 89 3 AB6. % BD3 C789 AB67 68 236 D7583 C 65BC4 36C C C 83 C B89 3D 27 3 743 C

100