- •Методичні рекомендації
- •6.050503 Машинобудування
- •Вступ до методичних рекомендацій
- •Unit 6 Threads
- •Language
- •Threads
- •V. Oral Practice
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •History of standardization
- •Text c Joseph Whitworth
- •Inventions
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •Supplementary reading Texts for written translation.
- •Screw thread
- •Iso standard threads
- •Generating screw threads
- •Thread cutting
- •Thread rolling
- •Thread forming
- •Thread casting
- •Thread grinding
- •Thread lapping
- •Unit 7 Gears
- •Language
- •IV. Comprehension
- •V. Oral Practice
- •VI. Reading and comprehension
- •Fixed-gear bicycle
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •Advantages and disadvantages of Fixed Gear bicycles.
- •Supplementary Reading Texts for written translation with a dictionary
- •Unit 8 Bearings.
- •Bearings
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Reading and comprehension
- •History and development
- •Supplementary reading. Texts for written translation with a dictionary
- •Bearing (mechanical)
- •Bearing friction
- •Principles of operation
- •Motions
- •Maintenance
- •How to measure a bearing
- •Bearing Sizes
- •Bearing Example
- •Unit 9 Clutches
- •Clutches
- •Internal clutches
- •VI. Reading and comprehension
- •Operation in automobiles
- •Operation in motorcycles
- •Centrifugal
- •Supplementary reading. Texts for written translation with a dictionary
- •Single plate friction clutch
- •Multiple plate friction clutch
- •Vehicular
- •Cone clutch
- •Dog clutch
- •Electromagnetic clutch
- •Friction-plate clutch
- •Engagement
- •Mechanics
- •Benefits
- •Plan of rendering articles
- •Unit 10 Metal – cutting machines. Lathes.
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading
- •Text a. Lathes
- •III. Language
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice.
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Lathe related operations:
- •VII Oral practice
- •VIII. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text c types of lathes
- •IX. Oral practice.
- •Text e Metalworking lathes
- •Text f Glassworking lathes
- •Text g Metal spinning lathes
- •Text h Ornamental turning lathes
- •Text I Reducing Lathe
- •Unit 11 Drilling machines
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading
- •Text a Drilling machines
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice.
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text b Cordless drills
- •VII. Oral practice.
- •VIII Reading and comprehension:
- •IX Oral practice.
- •Supplementary reading
- •Text d Pistol-grip (corded) drill
- •Text e Hammer drill
- •Text f Rotary hammer drill
- •Unit 12 Milling machines
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading.
- •Text a Milling machines
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice.
- •Text b Computer numerical control
- •Supplementary reading.
- •Text c Milling machine tooling
- •History Text d 1810s-1830s
- •Text e. 1840s-1860
- •Text f. 1860s
- •Text g. 1870s-1930s
- •Text h. 1940s-1970s
- •1980S-present
II. Reading
Ex.6. Read and translate the text.
Text a Drilling machines
Drilling machines are very old machines tool mainly employed for drilling holes of different size in metal or any other solid material. In addition to drilling holes, such operations as tapping, reaming, countersinking and counter boring may be performed n the drilling machines. Since drilling machines are used for a great variety of operations they are divided into various classes such as: upright or vertical spind1e, multiple-spindle, and radial-spindle machines. In all three types the drill spindle rotates in a sleeve or quill which does not rotate but is free to move axially to provide the necessary feed for the drill.
In vertical spindle drilling machines the spindle is in a vertical position. The upright drilling machine has an upright column resting on a heavy base. The column equipped with a gearbox providing a wide range of speeds has a feed mechanism. The feed mechanism represents a feed shaft with its necessary gearing by which the drill is cut into the work at a proper speed.
Since in the upright drilling machines the spindle sleeve supports are fixed, all adjustment for different classes of work is made by moving the table which is accomplished by turning the crank. The table can be moved in a horizontal plane, clamped at any point so that the large work may be placed on the base. The machine is also equipment with a ratchet lever for hand feeding the drill.
The upright drilling machines are classified as: heavy duty; plain and sensitive. The heavy duty drilling machine is used for heavy drilling, the plain vertical spindle machine being employed for lighter work. The sensitive drilling machine is a vertical or upright machine of comparatively light construction adapted to very high speeds of drilling holes in delicate works.
The multiple-spindle drilling machines are built in both vertical and horizontal types. Saving considerable time and space this machine is used for simultaneous drilling of many holes in a large number of work pieces. The machine may have a number of movable drills, all the spindles being driven from the same shaft by a worm gear. One of the types of the multiple-spindle machines is the fully automatic machine requiring only push-button operation. The machine is provided with a large number of spindles ranging from four to a hundred.
The radial drilling machine has a vertical column mounted on a cast iron base. The column carries a radial arm which moves; not only in a horizontal plane, but may also be moved in a vertical plane.
The drill can be moved over the work to any desired position so that many holes may be drilled in the work without moving it from one place to another. The radial drilling machine is therefore adapted to heavy work where it is easier to move the drill than the work.