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Listening

Listen to the first part of the recording. Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

The handout covers 1_______________________________ general topics.

As well as students of history, there are students of 2_____________________ at the lecture.

The lecturer's own motivation for studying history is that she finds it 3 ________________ .

Listen to the second part and classify the types of history.

How does the lecturer describe each kind of history?

T a traditional type of history

M a modern type of history

F a type of history which looks to the future

Write the correct letter T, M, or F next to questions 4 – 10.

  1. political history _______

  2. post-modern history _______

  3. feminist history _______

  4. social history _______

  5. economic history _______

  6. military history _______

  7. ethnic history _______

Academic vocabulary in use

1. Use the words given in capitals to form a word which fits in the blank space.

The image of science

The image that we have of science has …(1)… radical change in the last hundred years. An enormous …(2)… explosion, together with a number of very real …(3)… about the environment and all the moral and political ramifications of economic growth have …(4)… put science at the centre of public debate.

The twentieth century began with a challenge to the …(5)… that human knowledge was approaching completion. It will come, perhaps, as something of a surprise to all of us to realize that the emergence of this highly …(6)… process came both from within and outside science.

New scientific theories …(7)… reveal the limitations of the old perspective. We had thought that the world, understood through the medium of rational …(8)… , was, indeed, the real world. Now we know that this was no more than a simplification that just happened to work. Once we realize this, though, we can move in a number of opposing directions. We can re-evaluate all knowledge …(9)… and decide that it is eternally fragmentary and full of a vast number of …(10)… , or we can be more positive and view these vast explosions of scientific awareness as new challenges still to come and as celebrations of the …(11)… that the human imagination has so far scaled.

(1) GO

(2)TECHNOLOGY

(3) ANXIOUS

(4) QUESTION

(5) ASSUME

(6) DESTROY

(7) OVERWHELM

(8) BE

(9) PESSIMISM

(10) PERFECTION

(11) HIGH

2. Complete the text using the words from the box.

concepts consciousness creativity grounding humanities implications

Autonomy and …(1)… are two key …(2)… in the humanities which are often thought to be not part of scientific thinking. However, recent projects in the sciences suggest this is not true. For example, the attempts to load the components of human …(3)… into a computer is a fundamentally creative activity which has profound …(4)… for our understanding of what human being is. Such science may make us change our way of thinking about moral and philosophical questions and may make it possible for those in the …(5)… to find a new …(6)… for their own work.

3. Read the following text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Qualitative research

There are now numerous books which attempt to give guidance to researchers about qualitative research. While much has been written about the collection of data, the books are often …(1)… about the processes and procedures associated with data analysis. Indeed, much mystery surrounds the way researchers analyse their data. …(2)… , we invited a range of social scientists who have …(3)… in qualitative projects to discuss the …(4)… that they used. The idea was to share insight and understanding of the process of qualitative data analysis rather than to produce a guidebook for the intending researcher. Such a task involves a process of demystification, of …(5)… implicit procedures more explicit. While this may sound straightforward, we have found it far from simple. We have therefore given our contributors the opportunity to …(6)… their work in a range of styles, which include autobiographical narratives and more impersonal forms.

1

A silent

B dark

C blank

D dumb

2

A However

B Accordingly

C Even so

D In essence

3

A employed

B engaged

C exploited

D entered

4

A accounts

B manners

C approaches

D modes

5

A turning

B making

C putting

D getting

6

A propose

B render

C extend

D present

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