Методичка английский
.pdfB.wouldn’t spend
C.did not spend
D.wouldn’t have spent
12.If you (go) to see him yesterday you (know) what the matter is. A. went, knew
B. had gone, will know C. went, would know
D. had gone, would know
13.I don’t know what you would have done, you (be) in my place. A. were you
B. will you be C. have you been D. had you been
14.… the late hour I’d stay a little longer.
A.If it’s not
B.But for
C.Although not
D.As if
15. He felt as though she (not/love) him.
A.wouldn’t love
B.wouldn’t have loved
C.hadn’t loved
D.didn’t love
7. Translate the sentences into English using the forms of the Subjunctive Mood referring to the Past.
1. Если бы он был свободен вчера, он навестил бы меня. 2. Если бы вы были вчера на концерте, вы получили бы большое удовольствие. 3. Если бы я знала об этой статье раньше, я бы перевела ее. 4. Соревнования состоялись бы, если бы не полил сильный дождь. 5. Девочка не волновалась бы так сильно, если бы ей не задавали много вопросов. 6. Если бы вы помогли ей, она бы уже закончила работу. 7. Вы не устали бы так вчера, если бы больше отдыхали. 8. С ним ничего бы не случилось, если бы он не торопился. 9. Если бы вы попросили меня об этом неделю назад, я помогла бы вам сразу. 10. Если бы я был на вашем месте тогда, я поступил бы иначе. 11. Если бы он был вчера в университете, мы бы встретили его. 12. Если бы мы отправили телеграмму вчера, они бы ее уже получили. 13. Если бы вы сдали отчет раньше, у нас не было бы проблем с налоговой. 14. Я смог бы отремонтировать машину, если бы у меня были необходимые инструменты. 15. Я поступил бы по-другому, если смог бы вернуть те годы.
131
НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
THE NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB
ГЕРУНДИЙ
THE GERUND
Герундий – это неличная форма глагола с окончанием -ing. Герундий имеет свойства глагола и существительного.
I like reading books. – Я люблю читать книги.
Reading is my favorite occupation. – Чтение – мое любимое занятие.
I cannot live without reading books. – Я не могу жить, не читая
книг.
I remember reading this book. – Я помню, что читал эту книгу. I think of reading this book. – Я думаю прочитать эту книгу.
I like reading aloud. – Я люблю читать вслух.
Образование |
|
|
Active |
writing |
|
Passive |
being written |
|
Indefinite |
having written |
|
Perfect |
having been written |
|
Употребление |
|
|
|
|
|
Подлежащее |
|
Reading a good book is a pleasure. |
|
|
Чтение хорошей книги – удовольствие. |
Часть |
составного |
I began reading this book yesterday. |
глагольного сказуемого |
Я начал читать эту книгу вчера. |
|
Часть составного |
именного |
My task is reading this book. |
сказуемого |
|
Мое задание – читать эту книгу. |
Дополнение |
|
I like reading good books. |
|
|
Я люблю читать хорошие книги. |
Определение |
|
We like his suggestion of reading this book |
|
|
together. |
|
|
Нам нравится его предложение читать |
|
|
эту книгу вместе. |
Обстоятельство |
|
On reading the book I gave it to Peter. |
|
|
Прочитав книгу, я отдал ее Пете. |
|
|
132 |
Слова и выражения, после которых ставится герундий
to avoid |
избегать |
to admit |
допускать, признавать |
to appreciate |
оценить |
to consider |
рассматривать, полагать |
to delay |
задерживать, медлить |
to deny |
отрицать |
to detect |
обнаруживать |
to dislike |
не любить |
to enjoy |
наслаждаться |
to explain |
объяснять |
to excuse |
извинять |
to fancy |
представлять |
to fear |
бояться |
to finish |
заканчивать |
to forget |
забывать |
to forgive |
прощать |
to imagine |
представлять |
to hate |
ненавидеть |
to like |
любить, нравиться |
to mention |
упоминать |
to mind |
возражать |
to miss |
пропускать, скучать |
to need |
нуждаться |
to postpone |
переносить, откладывать |
to prefer |
предпочитать |
to remember |
помнить |
to require |
требовать |
to start |
начинать |
to stop |
заканчивать |
to suggest |
предлагать |
to want |
хотеть |
|
|
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Слова и выражения, после которых ставится герундий с определенными предлогами
to accuse of |
обвинять в |
||
to agree to |
согласиться на что-либо |
||
to approve of |
одобрять что-либо |
||
to be afraid of |
бояться чего-либо |
||
to be capable of |
быть способным на что-либо |
||
to be engaged in |
заниматься чем-либо |
||
to be fond of |
заниматься чем-л. |
||
to be proud of |
гордиться чем-либо |
||
to be sorry for |
сожалеть о чем-либо |
||
to be surprised at |
удивляться чему-либо |
||
to be tired of |
уставать от чего-либо |
||
to be used to |
привыкнуть к |
||
|
|
|
|
to complain of |
жаловаться на |
||
to congratulate on |
поздравлять с |
||
to consist in |
заключаться в |
||
to depend on |
зависеть от |
||
to give up |
отказываться от, бросать |
||
to go on |
продолжать(ся) |
||
to hear of |
слышать о |
||
to inform of |
сообщать о |
||
to insist on |
настаивать на |
||
to keep on |
продолжать |
||
to look forward to |
с нетерпением ждать чего-то |
||
to object to |
возражать против |
||
to persist in |
упорно продолжать что-либо |
||
to prevent from |
мешать (сделать что-либо) |
||
to put off |
откладывать что-либо |
||
to rely on |
полагаться на |
||
to result in |
приводить к чему-либо |
||
to speak of |
говорить о |
||
to spend in |
тратить (время) на что-либо |
||
to succeed in |
удаваться |
||
to suspect of |
подозревать в |
||
to thank for |
благодарить за что-либо |
||
to think of |
думать о |
||
|
|
|
|
134
Exercises
1.Translate into Russian paying attention to different forms of the
gerund.
1.The child is proud of having been praised by his parents. 2.
Smoking is forbidden here. 3. He doesn’t like having been invited to their parties. 4. My shoes need repairing. 5. I like learning foreign languages. 6. My parents insist on my staying here. 7. After coming home the boy had dinner. 8. He is suspected of stealing money. 9. I can’t remember having seen him before. 10. We are glad of having been her pupils. 11. She entered the office without being noticed. 12. Taking medicine is unpleasant thing.
13.She is angry at having been sent for. 14. Not being late is a good habit.
15.I am sorry for having disturbed you.
2.Form the Gerund and translate the sentences.
1. She does a lot of (read). 2. What he likes is (drive). 3. We heard a lot of (shout) last night. 4. I am not against his (come). 5. Who does (wash) in your house? 6. We did some (shop) this morning. 7. We don’t mind
(invite) him. 8. My friend enjoys a bit of (sing). 9. I don’t like (watch) football. 10. Does she like (make) plans? 11. No (park) here. 12. I like his guitar (play). 13. Quick (run) saved him. 14. (act) is an interesting profession. 15. He is suspected of (steal) money.
3. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verbs in the box.
walk |
rob |
break |
speak |
borrow |
wash |
waste |
tell |
go out |
say |
stay |
quarrel |
have |
see |
read |
|
|
|
1. My friend prefers … at home in the evenings. 2. I wanted to ask her if she preferred … in the morning. 3. He finished … and sat down. 4. Mother suggested … some refreshments before the supper was served. 5. She didn’t feel like … last night, so she stayed at home. 6. They could not avoid … when they were together. 7. The man denied … the bank. 8. After this unpleasant scene he avoided … us. 9. She said that she could not go on … the best years of her life. 10. At last the boys unwillingly admitted … the window. 11. Usually people dislike … money. 12. I like this book and I
135
think it is worth … . 13. The bowls never needed … – the boys polished them with their spoons. 14. Do you mind … the children a story before they go to bed? 15. The boy keeps … the most funny things.
4. |
Choose the correct answer. |
||
1. They suspect him … telling lies. |
|||
A. in |
B. of |
C. about |
|
2. |
Jane insisted … driving me to the station. |
||
A. in |
B. at |
C. on |
3.I wonder what prevented him … going to the country on Sunday.
A. in B. from C. of
4.After a long time they succeeded … finding a cheap flat in the suburbs of London.
A. in |
B. at |
C. with |
5. You know she’s always complaining … having problems with her |
||
neighbours. |
|
|
A. in |
B. of |
C. about |
6. I must congratulate you … passing your exams. |
||
A. with |
B. on |
C. at |
7. My friend gave … smoking last year. |
||
A. in |
B. at |
C. up |
8. The reason … my being absent from the classes was that I was ill. |
||
A. for |
B. of |
C. on |
9. Prices keep … increasing. |
||
A. in |
B. up |
C. on |
10. We are depending … you finishing the job by Friday. |
||
A. on |
B. at |
C. of |
11. The bank has introduced a new method … calculating the interest |
||
on loans. |
|
|
A. in |
B. of |
C. on |
12.I don’t approve … reading in bed.
A. of B. with C. on
13.Don’t rely … going for a walk as you haven’t done your homework yet.
A. in |
B. at |
C. on |
14.I can’t see the possibility … finding a vacant room in this hotel.
A. of B. from C. on
15.I’ll have to put … going to Great Britain until next month.
A. of |
B. off C. up |
136
5. Define the function of the words with –ing:
1. We all listened with great interest to the speaker criticizing the new book. 2. I have no objection to your criticizing me. 3. Never jump off a moving train. 4. Reading books out-of-doors is his favorite way of spending the summer holidays, but he likes swimming and going on excursions as well. 5. Returning home after a good holiday is always pleasant. 6. Returning home after a good holiday he looked the picture of health. 7. They went home quickly, protecting themselves from the rain by walking under the trees. 8. In this factory much attention is paid to protecting the health of the workers. 9. Growing tomatoes need a lot of sunshine. 10. The children were tired of running. 11. Wishing to learn to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates. 12. Ann entered the room keeping a book in her hand. 13. He is fond of keeping domestic animals. 14. Let’s enjoy her singing. 15. The woman singing a song is his wife.
6. Translate into English using the Gerund.
1.Наша квартира требует ремонта. 2. Мою машину нужно вымыть. 3. Почему он избегает разговоров с тобой. 4. Мой компьютер нужно отремонтировать. 5. Давайте перенесем обсуждение этой статьи. 6. Она отрицает, что брала эти вещи. 7. Пожалуйста, перестань кричать. 8. Продолжай играть. 9. Он говорит, что получает удовольствие от полетов. 10. Они избегали выражать свое мнение. 11.
Яне могу простить их исчезновение. 12. Нам предложили поехать к морю. 13. Я согласился отменить свой отъезд. 14. Тебе нравится кататься на коньках? 15. Тебе следует избегать нарушения правил.
7.Translate into English using the necessary form of the Gerund.
1Его обвиняют в грабеже. 2. Я хочу проинформировать вас об
их приезде. 3. Она часто проводит время, читая журналы. 4. Я удивлен, что меня спросили об этом. 5. Они не способны лгать. 6. Родители настаивают на том, чтобы я посетил врача. 7. Мы занимаемся разработкой этого проекта. 8. Женщина упорно продолжала просматривать бумаги, разыскивая необходимый документ. 9. Их решение зависит от того, будет ли погода хорошей. 10. Мы еще не утвердили ваш план реорганизации. 11. Музыка в соседней квартире мешает мне отдыхать. 12. Я отбросил мысли о том, чтобы водить автомобиль, после того, как попал в аварию. 13. Ее сыновья увлекаются боксом. 14. Наконец-то ей удалось найти ключи. 15. Я устал работать в саду.
137
ПРИЧАСТИЕ. НЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ. THE PARTICIPLE
Причастие – это неличная форма глагола, которая наряду со свойствами глагола имеет свойства прилагательного или наречия. Причастие соответствует русскому причастию действительного залога настоящего времени и деепричастию несовершенного вида.
Образование
|
Active |
Passive |
|
|
|
Present |
asking |
being asked |
|
Participle I |
|
|
|
|
Past |
– |
asked |
|
|
Participle II |
Perfect |
having asked |
having been asked |
|
|
|
Перевод разных форм причастий на русский язык:
Форма причастия |
|
Перевод |
discussing |
обсуждающий, обсуждая |
|
having discussed |
обсудив |
|
being discussed |
обсуждаемый,обсужденный |
|
having been discussed |
который обсудили, будучи |
|
|
обсужденным |
|
discussed |
обсужденный |
|
building |
строящий, строя |
|
having built |
построив |
|
being built |
строящийся, строившийся |
|
having been built |
который построили, будучи |
|
|
построенным |
|
built |
построенный |
|
Перевод разных форм причастий на английский язык: |
||
бросающий |
|
throwing |
бросавший |
|
throwing |
бросаемый (в данный момент) |
|
being thrown |
|
138 |
|
бросаемый (регулярно) |
thrown |
брошенный |
throwing |
бросая |
throwing |
бросив (причина) |
having thrown |
бросив (сопутствующие обстоятельства) |
throwing |
бросив (до другого действия) |
being thrown |
который бросили |
being thrown |
|
having been thrown |
НЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ
NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION
Независимы причастный оборот – оборот, в котором причастие выражает действие, которое не относится к особе или предмету, обозначенному подлежащим предложения.
The weather being fine, we spent a whole day in the country. – Так как погода была чудесной, мы провели весь день за городом.
Exercises
1.Translate into Russian, paying attention to different forms of Participles.
1.Entering the room he dropped his keys. 2. He set in the arm-chair thinking. 3. She came up to us breathing heavily. 4. The hall was full of laughing people. 5. The question being discussed now is very important. 6. He doesn't know the song being heard. 7. The house being built in our street is a new supermarket. 8. Do you like the film being discussed? 9. The experiment being carried on by this scientist is very important. 10. Being packed in the beautiful box the flowers looked very lovely. 11. The books written by this author are very interesting. 12. I remember well his words told at the meeting. 13. I don't like the book bought last week. 14. The stolen things were returned to the owner. 15. We are interested in the goods produced by this factory.
2.Transform the sentences using the Present Participle Active.
1. The woman called the boy who was working in the garden. 2. As the wind was blowing, it was very cold. 3. As he was afraid of the dog, the boy ran quickly across the yard. 4. We decided to go to the cafe as we had plenty of time. 5. Tom can translate this article as he knows English well. 6.
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As we thought they were waiting for us, we were in a hurry. 7. When she came home, she turned on the light. 8. When you read English text, copy out the new words. 9. While he was waiting for me, he became the witness of an accident. 10. When I was walking through the park, I saw some flowers. 11. When you are leaving the house, don't forget to lock the door. 12. He didn't write the truth when he was writing a letter. 13. When she saw them, she smiled with pleasure. 14. When he begins to work, he will not forget our instructions. 15. Since I needed a pen, I asked my friend to give me it.
3. |
Choose the correct form. |
|
1. |
The man seems … in our talk. |
|
A. |
interesting |
B. interested |
2. |
When she met him he was a … man. |
|
A. breaking |
B. broken |
|
3. |
I can see several people … at the bank. |
|
A. |
standing |
B. having stood |
4. |
He stood for a moment … and … . |
|
A. confusing, frightening |
B. confused, frightened |
|
5. |
The third and the largest painting was the last work … by the |
|
artist. |
|
|
A. doing |
B. done |
|
6. |
The … team slowly left the field. |
|
A. defeating |
B. defeated |
|
7. |
Everyone finds the circus … .The circus tent is always filled |
|
with…children. |
|
|
A. exciting, excited |
B. excited, exciting |
|
8. |
The book … by him is not very interesting. |
|
A. writing |
B. written |
|
9. |
The translation by me was very easy. |
|
A. doing |
B. done |
|
10. The … keys were not found. |
|
|
A. loosing |
B. lost |
|
11. The …team will not get the prize. |
||
A. loosing |
B. lost |
|
12. Do you know the boy… towards us? |
||
A. coming |
B. come |
|
13. We like the songs … by this singer. |
||
A. singing |
B. sung |
|
14. The woman … is his wife. |
|
|
|
140 |
|