Методичка английский

B. — D. Those

15. Yes, it’s ______ wonderful news. Congratulations!

A. a	C. the
B. an	D. —

4. Insert articles to complete the story.

... little girl was sitting on ... front porch when ... stranger came up to the gate. He tried to open it but ... gate wouldn't open.

"Is your mother at home, little one?" asked ... stranger. "Yes, sir, she's always at home," said ... child.

... stranger jumped over ... gate and rang ... doorbell.

There was no answer. He rang it several times more, and waited. ...

door remained closed. Somewhat angry, he turned to ... child and said: "Didn't you say your mother was at home?"

"Yes, and I'm sure she is," replied ... girl.

"Then why doesn't she answer my ring, I wonder."

"I think she will, sir, when you reach our house," replied ... girl. "We live four doors down... street."

5. Insert articles where necessary.

Great Britain.

... United Kingdom of ... Great Britain and ... Northern Ireland is situated on ... British Isles, the largest of which are... Great Britain and ...

Ireland. ... British Isles are separated from ... continental Europe by ... North Sea and ... English Channel,... narrowest part of which,... Straight of Dover, is 33 km wide.

In ... west ... British Isles are washed by ... Atlantic Ocean. ... Irish Sea separates ... Great Britain from ... Ireland.

...United Kingdom consists of ... England, ... Wales, ... Scotland and

... Northern Ireland.

... Northern part of ... island of ... Great Britain (... Scotland) is occupied by ... mountains which are called ... Highlands of ... Northern Scotland and ... Southern Uplands with ... Central Lowland of ... Scotland between them. ... Highlands of ... Northern Scotland are divided into ...

Northwestern Highlands and ... Grampians. ... highest mountain in ... Great Britain is ... Ben Nevis; it is situated in ... Grampians.

... Pennines are ... mountains situated in ... central part of ... island of

... Great Britain. ... Pennines are separated from ... Southern Uplands by ...

valley of ... river Tyne. ... Tyne flows into ... North Sea.

... Wales is ... mountainous part of ... Great Britain. It is occupied by

... Cambrians. ... highest mountain in ... Cambrians is ... Snowdon.

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... longest river in ... Great Britain is ... Severn. It rises in ...

Cambrians and flows into ... Bristol Channel.

6. Insert articles where necessary. Retell the text.

Charles Dickens, ... great English writer, was born on ... 7th of ...

February 1812 in ... small English town. He was ... weak child and did not take ... part in ... noisy and active games. ... little boy was very capable. He learned to read at... early age and read many books in his childhood. When he was about six, someone took him to ... theatre for ... first time. He saw ...

play by Shakespeare and liked it so much that he decided to write ... play himself. When it was ready, he performed it with some of ... his friends. Everybody enjoyed ... performance and ... little writer felt very happy.

When Charles was nine years old, ... family moved to ... London where they lived in ... very old house. Charles' father was ... poor clerk. ...

life of ... family was very hard. There were several younger children in ...

family besides Charles,... future writer could not even go to ... school. At that time his father was put in ... prison because he could not pay his debts. His wife and all ... children went into ... prison too. Those were ... most unhappy days in ... Charles' life. At ... age of ten he had to start working. ...

boy worked from ... morning till ... night to help his family.

When his father was out of ... prison, ... young Charles was sent to

... school where he remained three years. When he was fifteen he had to leave ... school and start earning his own living again. He spent his spare time reading in ... British Museum.

In ... few years he became ... newspaper reporter. In 1836 Dickens published his first book.

7. Translate into English.

1. Они вошли в вагон, в котором не было свободных мест. 2. В вагоне, в который они вошли, не было свободных мест. 3. Сегодня группа туристов, которая состоит в основном из студентов, начнет подъем на Эльбрус. 4. В городе строится новый стадион, который будет вмещать 10 тысяч зрителей. 5. Глава 13 начинается на странице 65. 6. Роль Джульетты играла молодая талантливая актриса, которая недавно окончила театральный институт. 7. Вы смотрели обе серии фильма? – Нет, только одну. 8. Она посмотрела на часы на углу и поняла, что опоздает на поезд. 9. За первым взрывом последовал второй, затем третий. 10. Обложка книги сразу привлекла внимание детей. 11. Руководителем экспедиции был человек, который много путешествовал. 12. Он никак не мог забыть лица девушки с греческим профилем. 13. Земля дрожала от грохота орудий. 14. Циолковский был сыном лесника. 15. Он был единственным мальчиком из пятерых детей.

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МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ

THE PRONOUN

Местоимение – это часть речи, которая употребляется в предложении вместо имени существительного или имени прилагательного.

Peter gave Mary a computer as a birthday present. She was grateful to him for it. – Петя подарил Маше компьютер на день рождения. Она была очень благодарна ему.

В английском языке все местоимения делятся на следующие основные группы: личные, притяжательные, возвратные, указательные, вопросительные, неопределенные, отрицательные и относительные местоимения.

ЛИЧНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Личные местоимения имеют два падежа: именительный и объектный.

Склонение личных местоимений

Число	Лицо	Именительный падеж		Объектный падеж
	1	I	(я)	me	(мне)
	2	you (ты)		you (тебе)
Ед.	3	he	(он)	him (ему)
		she (она)		her	(ей)
		it	(оно)	it	(ему)
	1	we	(мы)	us	(нам)
Мн.	2	you (вы)		you	(вам)
	3	they (они)		them (им)

Примечание. После местоимения you глагол-сказуемое всегда стоит во множественном числе.

Местоимение it требует особого внимания, так как может использоваться в разных значениях:

а) it заменяет все слова в единственном числе, обозначающие неодушевленные или одушевленные предметы (кроме людей).

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б) it играет роль формального подлежащего (т.е. не переводится) в предложениях типа: Холодно. Темно. Возможно, что….

. Пять часов.

It’s cold.

It’s 5 o’clock.

Личные местоимения в именительном падеже обычно являются подлежащими и стоят в начале предложения, личные местоимения в объектном падеже выполняют роль дополнения и стоят после сказуемого.

We met them at the theatre. – Мы встретили их в театре.

«We» - личное местоимение первого лица множественного числа в именительном падеже – подлежащее.

«them» - личное местоимение третьего лица множественного числа в объектном падеже – дополнение.

ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

My (мой, моя, мое, мои), your (твой, твоя, твое, твои), his (его), her (ее), its (его), our (наш, наша, наше, наши), your (ваш, ваша, ваше, ваши), their (их). Такие местоимения отвечают на вопрос чей? чья?

чье? чьи?.

Притяжательные местоимения имеют две формы: основную и абсолютную.

Формы притяжательного местоимения

Число	Лицо	Основная форма	Абсолютная форма
	1	my	mine
	2	your	yours
Ед.	3	his	his
		her	hers
		its	its
	1	our	ours
Мн.	2	your	yours
	3	their	theirs

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Основная форма употребляется в тех случаях, когда за притяжательным местоимением стоит определяемое им существительное. В абсолютной форме местоимение употребляется тогда, когда определяемое существительное во избежание повторения не ставится.

This is my bicycle and that one is yours. – Это мой велосипед, а

это – твой. (Это твой велосипед.)

ВОЗВРАТНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselv es. Возвратные местоимения образуются от личных и притяжательных местоимений прибавлением –self в единственном числе и –selves во множественном числе.

Возвратные местоимения употребляются в предложении для того, чтобы сказать, что предмет, названный подлежащим предложения, (а) сам совершает действие или (б) сам совершает действие и испытывает его на себе (в русском языке выражается глаголом в возвратной форме с окончанием –сь, -ся).

(a) I’d like to hear you play it on the piano… I don’t play too badly myself. – Я хотела бы послушать, как ты сыграешь это на рояле. Я ведь и сама неплохо играю.

(b) Camilla told herself it was ridiculous to feel nervous. – Камилла говорила себе, что смешно так нервничать.

Exercises

1. Underline all the forms of pronouns and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Please, read her book. I’ve read it myself. It’s very interesting! 2. I’m glad to meet them. They are honorable and respected members of our family. 3. Don’t talk so loudly. Behave yourself. 4. How much time is it now? It’s ten p.m. 5. He has two pictures on his bedroom wall. He likes them because they are beautiful. 6. Will you help me to sort out the things? I cannot tell which are yours and which are mine. 7. We know their plan. It’s well thought-out. 8. Mike was at school yesterday. We saw him there ourselves and talked to him. 9. The shops belong to him. They are his shops. The shops are his. 10. She is a cousin of mine. 11. Judy bought a new car.

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It’s a Toyota. 12. Ann is my neighbour. I talk to her every day. We have interesting conversations together. 13. Their knowledge of the subject is not much superior to ours. 14. They enjoyed themselves very much at the party.

15.Jim prides himself on his cooking.

2.Match two pairs of dialogues and insert correct pronouns.

1.	Arek is making a lot of noise!		1.	I'll ask ___ to be quiet.
2.	I can't find my glasses!		2.	You are wearing ___!
3.	Do you know all these people?		3.		Yes, _______ are all my group
			mates.
4.	Who is he talking to?		4.	______'s his new girlfriend.
5.	Why are they here?		5.	My roommate invited ________.
6.	Where is the milk?		6.		______ can find it in the
			refrigerator.
7.		Who is that big man in the	7.		That's my friend Camilla. I met
kitchen?			______ at the bar last week.
8.	Do _____ want to dance with me?		8.	I’d love to!
9.	I can’t play football.		9.	Nonsense! ___ are a great player!
10.		Do you like Brat Pitt?	10.		Yes, _____ really like him.
11.		What do you think about her?	11.		I believe ____ is a kind and
			friendly person.
12.		Where is my book?	12.		Oh, dear! I've lost ___ !
13.		Why is Peter so happy?	13.		His friends gave ___a guitar for
			his birthday!
14.		Have you met Kasia and Jacek?	14.		No, I have never met ___ .
15. Please tell Mrs. Jones to come in.			15.		Sorry, I don't know ___.

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3. Re-word the following sentences.

Examples: a) He is my cousin. => He is a cousin of mine.

b)They are friends of ours. => They are our friends

c)These are not my books, they are yours. => These are your books, they aren’t mine.

1. She is their relative. 2. He’s her friend. 3. We are former students of yours. 4. She is his niece. 5. I’m a colleague of theirs. 6. They are her pupils. 7. She is a neighbor of ours. 8. He is a former school-friend of hers.

9.We are his students. 10. Mind your own business and I’ll mind mine. 11.

Today is their birthday. You know they are twins. 12. My sister likes much sugar in her tea but I like little in mine. 13. He is our friend. 14. He can live without my help but not without theirs. 15. It is his plan.

4.Choose the correct form of pronouns in brackets.

1.What color is the shirt? It is so far that I can’t see (it’s/ its/ it) color. 2. They rarely drive to (their/ them/ theirs) office. They live near (it’s/ it/ its). 3. Look at (me/ mine/ my) new watch. Do you like (it/ them/ its)? 4. These books are (her/ hers/ she). Give (them/ their/ theirs) to (hers/ she/ her). 5. Do you like (you/ your/ yours) new car? – Oh, (it’s/ it/ its) has never let me down yet. 6. (Theirs/ Their/ Them) work is much more difficult than (you/ yours/ your) or (me/ mine/ my). 7. Why are (you/ your/ yours) sitting here? It is not (you/ your/ yours) desk, it is (me/ mine/ my). 8. This tape recorder of (her/ hers/ she) is always out of order. – But so is (you/ your/ yours)! 9. She has not read a line of (you/ your/ yours), how can she criticize (you/ your/ yours) books? 10. The clock has stopped. Something may be wrong with (it’s/ it/ its) spring. 11. (We/ Our/ Ours) was the last turn. 12. (Their/ Theirs/ Them) knowledge of French is much better than (me/ I/ mine). 13. He is a friend of (us/ our/ ours). (He/ His/ Him) house is opposite (us/ our/ ours). 14. If these gloves are neither (she/ her/ hers) nor

(you/ your/ yours), then they should be (me/ my/ mine). 15. I don’t like

(me/my/ mine) flat but I enjoy (them/ their/ theirs).

5.Fill in the blanks with the words where necessary.

A. myself	B. himself	C. herself
D. itself	E. yourself	F. ourselves
G. themselves	H. –
1. John, be	careful! Don’t	hurt _______with the hammer. 2.

Children, help ______ to sweets and juice. 3. We didn’t know who that man was. He hadn’t introduced ______ . 4. All my friends enjoyed ______ at my birthday party. 5. When do you feel ______ glad? 6. When my sister was

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making a pudding she burnt ______ on the oven. 7. It is convenient to have an automatic cooker. It turns ______ on and off. 8. Relax ______ when you dance. 9. My father always repairs his car ______ . 10. My grandparents grow their vegetables ______ . 11. Take the towel and dry ______ . it’s windy, you may catch a cold. 12. We usually paint the house ______ . 13. His mother never cleans the windows in their house ______ . 14. We haven’t decided yet where we’d meet ______ . 15. Who went with her? –

Nobody. She went by ________.

6. Correct mistakes.

1. Have a good time. Try to relax yourself and enjoy yourself. 2. We came across a friend of us at the football match yesterday. 3. I’ve got tortoises. They feed me on vegetables. 4. Did the children behave ourselves? 5. Jane and I are good friends. They always spend our free time together. 6. I can’t find mine pencil. Can I use you, Donata? 7. Despite her parents’ complaints, she decided to live by her in Paris. 8. If you happen to see your parents this weekend, give you my best regards. 9. Hania was worried about the children, so she convinced hers husband not to accept the job in Germany. 10. I cut me when I was peeling potatoes. 11. This’s hot and sunny in the street. You don’t need to take an umbrella with yours. 12.

Each plan has it merits. 13. I do my work and they do their. 14. Despite him old age, he is very active. 15. Don’t worry about them. They can look after theirselves.

7. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Он увидел это сам. 2. Я очень горжусь собой, так как нашел выход их этой трудной ситуации. 3. Будьте осторожны, вы можете ушибиться. 4. Я сам узнаю, лучше ли он себя чувствует. 5. Вы должны взять себя в руки. Посмотрите на себя в зеркало. Побрейтесь, примите холодный душ, разотритесь полотенцем и поешьте, наконец. 6. Может быть, она объяснит все сама. 7. Их лодка была быстрее нашей. 8. Это мое мнение, я вижу, оно отличается от твоего. 9. Взгляни, опубликовали его жуткую статью в вечерней газете. 10. В этом районе построена новая дорога. Ее длина более трехсот километров. 11. Они молча взглянули на меня и ничего не сказали, когда я ушел. 12. Это была твоя идея пригласить сюда Дору? – Частично моя, частично – Доры. 13. Он не прочитал ни единой строчки твоей. Как он может критиковать твои поэмы? 14. Вся наша одежда очень грязная, а моя в особенности. 15. Где твоя фотография? – Она в альбоме.

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НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Местоимения some, any не имеют категории рода, числа и падежа. Строго говоря, местоимение some имеет два значения, применимых как к исчисляемым, так и к неисчисляемым существительным: 1) некоторый, какой-то, какой-нибудь; 2) несколько, некоторое количество, немного.

Some и any в сочетании с one, body и thing образуют неопределенные местоимения someone, somebody (кто-то, кто-

нибудь), anyone, anybody (кто-нибудь), something (что-то, что-

нибудь), anything (что-нибудь). Эти местоимения всегда употребляются в качестве местоимений-существительных и служат в предложении подлежащим или дополнением.

Образование и употребление

positive form			interrogative form				negative form
(утвердительная)			(вопросительная)				(отрицательная)
some			any				no, not any
somebody			anybody				nobody
someone			anyone				noone
something			anything				nothing
somewhere			anywhere				nowhere
There are some books on			Are there any books				There are not any books
the table.			on the table?				on the table.
							There are no books on
							the table.
На столе несколько книг.			Есть	ли	на	столе	На столе нет (никаких)
			какие-нибудь				книг.
			книги?
There	is	somebody	Is there anybody				There is nobody (no-one)
(someone) in the garden.			(anyone)		in	the	in the garden.
			garden?
В саду кто-то есть.			В саду		кто-нибудь		В саду никого нет.
			есть?
I want something to eat.			Are	you		doing	He said nothing to him.
			anything			this
			evening?
Я хочу		чего-нибудь	Ты		чем-нибудь		Он ему ничего не

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поесть.	занята		этим	сказал.
	вечером?
He lives somewhere near	Did you go anywhere			I don’t	like this town.
London.	last night?			There is nowhere to go.
Он живёт где-то рядом с	Ты	куда-нибудь		Мне не	нравится этот
Лондоном.	ходил		вчера	город.	Здесь некуда
	вечером?			сходить.

Особенности перевода

There	is some magazine on the			Перед существительным в
table.
На	столе	лежит	какой-то	единственном числе-какой-то
журнал.
There are some books on the shelf.				Перед существительном во
На	полке	лежит	несколько	множественном числе – несколько
журналов.
There is some milk in the bottle.				Перед	неисчисляемыми
				существительными	– обычно не
В бутылке есть молоко.				переводится

Exercises

1. Read and translate the sentences.

1.I’ve planted some roses. 2. There are some monuments to wellknown writers in our town. 3. I’d like to ask you some questions. 4. Have you got any luggage? 5. Is there any water in the fridge? 6. I’ve got some surprise for you! 7. She went out without any money. 8. We have got no chance to catch the train. 9. He is lazy. He never does any work. 10. We got there without any difficulty. 11. Are there any letters for me? 12. He’s busy. He’s got some work to do. 13. We haven’t got any milk. We can’t make an omelet. 14. There are some interesting articles in this magazine, look through. 15. Can you give me some information about places of interest in this town?

2.Choose the right word.

1. I can’t find (some/any) butter, but we’ve got (some/any) margarine. 2. Emma has got (some/any) old pictures of this very house to show us. 3. Do you know if (some/any) of the Morrissey is coming on

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