Методичка английский

БУДУЩЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE

Образование

Future Indefinite образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall (в первом лице единственного и множественного числа) и will (во втором и третьем лице единственного и множественного числа) и смыслового глагола в первой форме (т.е. форма, данная в словаре). В американском варианте языка употребляется will во всех лицах. В современном британском языке в 1-м лице допустимо употреблять как shall, так и will. Чтобы образовать вопросительную форму, вспомогательные глаголы shall/will ставятся перед подлежащим. Для образования отрицательной формы после вспомогательных глаголов shall и will (которые стоят после подлежащего) ставится отрицательная частица not.

I shall/ will see you tomorrow. - Я увижу вас завтра.

Will he come tomorrow? – Придет ли он завтра?

He will not do this. – Он не сделает этого.

Формы глагола в Future Indefinite

	Число	Утвердительная	Вопросительная	Отрицательная
		форма	форма	форма
		I shall/will ask.	Shall/Will I ask?	I shall not/will not
	ед.	You (he, she, it)	Will you (he, she,	ask.
		will ask.	it) ask?	You (he, she, it) will
				not ask.
		We shall/will ask.	Shall/Will we ask?	We shall not/will not
	мн.	You (they) will ask.	Will you (they)	ask.
			ask?	You (they) will not
				ask.

Примечание. В разговорной речи в утвердительных предложениях употребляется сокращенная форма будущего неопределенного времени: ’ll, а в отрицательных употребляются shan't/won't [wount].

ГЛАГОЛ TO BE В FUTURE INDEFINITE

В Future Indefinite аналогично остальным глаголам глагол to be используется в первой форме (форму, данную в словаре) и ставится

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после вспомогательных слов shall/will. Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки shall/will перед подлежащим. Отрицательная форма образуется путем постановки not после shall/will.

It will be sunny tomorrow. – Завтра будет солнечно.

Will he be a good engineer? – Он будет хорошим инженером? It will not be rainy tomorrow. – Завтра дождя не будет.

Спряжение глагола to be в Future Indefinite.

	Число	Утвердительная	Вопросительная	Отрицательная
		форма	форма	форма
		I shall/will be.	Shall/Will I be?	I shall/will not be.
	Ед.	You (he, she, it) will	Will you be?	You will not be.
		be.
		We shall/will be.	Shall/will we be?	We shall/will not
	Мн.	You (they) will be.	Will you (they) be?	be.
				You (they) will
				not be.

Употребление

Future Indefinite употребляется:

1.для выражения информации о будущем. Речь идет о прогнозах на будущее, а не о том, что уже точно запланировано и решено:

Jason will be at the party tomorrow. — Джейсон будет завтра на вечеринке.

Внимание! Future Indefinite не употребляется в придаточных обстоятельственных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if, when, unless и т.д. Вместо Future Indefinite в этих случаях употребляется форма Present Indefinite для выражения будущего действия:

You will get wet if you don’t take an umbrella. – Ты промокнешь,

если не возьмешь зонт.

2.для выражения действия, которое было принято в момент разговора:

I forgot to call Jane, so I’ll call her now. — Я забыла позвонить Джейн, поэтому я позвоню ей сейчас.

а) предложение сделать что-либо:

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I’ll help you, dad. — Я помогу тебе, папа.

б) согласие или обещание сделать что-либо:

Ok, I’ll bring your book tomorrow. — Хорошо, я принесу твою книгу завтра.

I promise I won’t tell anyone about your secret. — Обещаю, что никому не расскажу о твоей тайне.

в) просьба сделать что-либо:

Will you please open the window? — Вы не могли бы открыть

окно?

3.для выражения информации о том, что, по вашему мнению, произойдет в будущем. В этой ситуации часто используются слова probably, I expect, I’m sure, I think, I don’t think, I wonder:

I think in the future people will travel around our solar system. — Я

думаю, что в будущем люди будут путешествовать по солнечной системе.

Probably I’ll pass the exam easily. — Наверное, я легко сдам экзамен.

4.will в вопросе с you может означать вежливую просьбу:

Will you please open the window? – Откройте, пожалуйста,

окно.

Exercises

1. Specify the meaning of the tenses in the sentences and translate into Russian.

1. I’ll explain what happened, and then perhaps you’ll understand what I require from you. 2. The more time we spend together, the more your behavior will change. You’ll grow more knowledgeable. 3. I’ll accompany you with pleasure as soon as I finish my report. 4. I don’t think he will play at Wimbledon next summer. 5. Perhaps he will arrive in time for lunch. 6. Unless you look at the picture at some distance you won’t see the details. 7. Do you think that he will recognize me? 8. Don’t be upset! I’ll lend my car to you. 9. I’ll remember this day all my life. 10. He will be at the party tomorrow. 11. I’m sure that you’ll like our new flat. 12. She will rejoin us at the end of the game. 13. The performance will be a great success if he plays the leading role. 14. Will you please give me salt? 15. I shan’t stay with them!

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2. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb “to be”.

1.Ronald Frank … a managing director of the First Bank of Kingsville on Main Street. 2. He … always on a business trip. 3. Yesterday he … in Geneva. 4. Tomorrow he … in London. 5. Last week he … in Chicago. 6. Next week he … in New Orleans. 7. At the end of his trips he

…usually very tired but happy. 8. He … with his family now. 9. His sons

…so much excited. They have got new toys from their father. 10. Everybody in the family … very glad to see him at home again. 11. Where

... your mother now? – She ... in the kitchen. 12. Where ... you yesterday? – I ... at the cinema. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ... at home. 14. ... your little sister in bed now? – Yes, she ... . 15. ... you... at school tomorrow? – Yes, I ... .

3.Here is the forecast of the life in the 24th century. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

Forbid		be (2)	live	speak	elect
take over		earn	start	use	have
work	replace		read

1.People ……. on the moon. 2. Children …… school at the age of three. 3. Computers ……. teachers. 4. People ……. 4 hours a day. 5. Houses and factories ……. solar energy. 6. Americans ……. a woman president. 7. Robots ……. most jobs. 8. There will be a law, which ……. having more than two children. 9. Six weeks ……. a normal annual holiday.

10.Great Britain ……. a black Prime Minister. 11. We ……. people’s minds. 12. People ……. the same language all over the world. 13. There ……. drugs against every kind of disease. 14. Everyone ……. much money.

Make your own prediction:

15.I’m absolutely sure that …….

4. A salesman is trying to sell a computer. Complete the sentences with will or won't.

"This is an excellent machine which ... give you many years of service. We ... install it for you. We ... even give you a special course to teach you how to use it. But you ... find it difficult to learn. You ... soon see how easy is to store information and to type letters with this computer. Now, about the payment. We ... ask you for immediate payment. It ... be ok if you make a small payment now, and you can pay the rest in three months' time. We ... send you a letter to remind you. What's more, we ... give you a 5% reduction on the market price. And of course, the computer ... come to

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you with a two-year guarantee. But actually, you ... need the guarantee, because there ... be any problems with the machine. If there are, I... deal with them personally. So, do you want to buy it? Good! I can tell you, sir, you ... be sorry! Actually, I ... give you this machine there in the showroom - it's a demonstration model, and it's rather dusty. I ... get you another one from the store downstairs. Please wait a moment, sir. I... be back in a minute."

Answer the questions:

1.Will the customer buy the machine? Why do you think so?

2.How long will it take the salesman to become a private owner of his shop? Try to prove your reasons.

5. Change these sentences to the negative and interrogative form.

1.We shall overcome all the difficulties facing us. 2. This young man will make a name in literature. 3. The Coca Cola company will finance the building of a new sports centre. 4. The university administration will prohibit smoking inside the buildings. 5. The radio station will broadcast news six times a day. 6. She will play the role of Cinderella in the school performance. 7. A monument on the square will attract everyone’s attention.

8.I shall charge you for spoiling the carpet in the hotel lobby. 9. He will praise the beauty of nature in his poems. 10. The economy of this country will flourish very soon. 11. The quiz will puzzle everyone. 12. She will explain what happened a month ago. 13. You’ll be famous one day and I’ll be so proud of you. 14. They will know the results in a week. 15. I shall have time to help you tomorrow.

6.Open the brackets and put the Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite or the Future Indefinite Tense.

A)

1.I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 2. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock tomorrow. 4. He (not to go) to the cinema every day. 5. He (not to go) to the cinema yesterday. 6. He (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. 7. You (to watch) TV every day? 8. You (to watch) TV yesterday? 9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow? 10. When you (to leave) home for university every day? 11. When you (to leave) home for university yesterday? 12. When you (to leave) home for university tomorrow? 13. My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. As the office he (to work) at (to be) near our house, he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) to work.

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Yesterday he (to get) up at nine o'clock. 14. You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? — No, I ... . 15. What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday? – I (to buy) a book. 16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers tomorrow.

B)

1. We (to cook) our meals on a fire last summer. 2. Your brother (to go) to the country with us next Sunday? 3. My sister (to wash) the dishes every morning. 4. When you (to go) to university? 5. What you (to prepare) for breakfast tomorrow? 6. What’s wrong? – I’ve got a flat tyre. – No problem. I (to help) you. 7. I don’t know when he (to come back). 8. I’ll be grateful to you if you (to lend) me this sum of money. 9. You (to invite) your cousin to stay with you next summer? 10. I (not to send) a letter to my friend yesterday. I (to do) it tomorrow. 11. Every morning on the way to university I (to meet) my friends. 12. My friend (not to go) to the library every day. 13. He (not to go) to the country yesterday. 14. Why you (to go) to the shop yesterday? 15. We (to grow) tomatoes next summer.

7. Translate into English: A) use the verb “to be”.

1.Извините, но мистера Смита дома нет. Он вышел. Я думаю, что он в парке со своим другом. 2. В чем дело? Ты болен? 3. Он не такой умный как его брат. 4. Вчера в 10 часов вечера он был все еще на работе. 5. Я уверена, она будет на вечеринке завтра. 6. Вчера они были

вбиблиотеке. 7. Возможно, она станет хорошим врачом. 8. Вы были вчера в парке? 9. Где мои ключи? – Они у тебя в сумке. 10. Родители не были счастливы, потому что их дети болели. 11. Мой университет находится не далеко от дома. 12. Погода завра будет отличной. Будет солнечно и тепло. 13. На прошлой неделе мы были в Москве. Поездка была интересной и познавательной. 14. Каждый ученик гордится своими успехами в школе. 15. Ты будешь дома завтра в 5? – Нет, я буду в кино.

B) use the appropriate tense.

1.Если мне понадобится твоя помощь, я позвоню тебе. 2. Я больше не буду есть мясо. Я – вегетарианец. 3. "Мы постараемся найти ваши вещи, но это будет нелегко, - сказал полицейский, - так как вчера на пляже было много людей". 4. Я думаю, Анна поступит в институт в следующем году. Она очень прилежная и трудолюбивая. 5. Вы поможете мне перевести эту статью? – Да, но я сделаю это, когда закончу свою работу. 6. Когда я доберусь домой, будет слишком поздно звонить родителям. Я позвоню им завтра. 7. Если она не будет

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упорно работать, она не сдаст экзамены. 8. Мы поплаваем завтра, если погода будет хорошей. 9. Они не знают, когда он вернется. 10. Не расстраивайся! Я помогу тебе по хозяйству. 11. Я надеюсь, ты найдешь свой паспорт. 12. Если мы навестим ее, она будет очень рада. 13. Я надеюсь, он не забудет купить вина. 14. Он не придет на встречу? 15. Он обидится, если ты не пригласишь его.

ГРУППА ДЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ФОРМ

THE COUNTINUOUS TENSES

Группа continuous имеет три времени: настоящее (Present Continuous), прошедшее (Past Continuous) и будущее (Future Continuous). Все формы continuous образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и

четвертой основной формы смыслового глагола.

Все времена группы continuous могут употребляться для выражения конкретного действия, длящегося в определенный момент или период.

НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

Образование

Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в настоящем времени + четвертая форма смыслового глагола. Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем лице, числе и времени перед подлежащим. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола.

I am reading a book now. – Я читаю книгу сейчас. What are you doing here? – Что вы тут делаете?

I am not watching TV now. – Сейчас я не смотрю телевизор.

Формы глагола в Present Continuous

	Число	Утвердительная	Вопросительная	Отрицательная
		форма	форма	форма
	Ед.	I am asking	Am I asking?	I am not asking
		You are asking	Are you asking?	You are not asking
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		He (she, it) is asking	Is he (she, it) asking?	He (she, it) is not
				asking
	Мн.	We (you, they) are	Are we (you, they)	We (you, they) are
		asking	asking?	not asking

Употребление

Present Continuous употребляется:

1. для выражения действия в его развитии, происходящее или в момент разговора, или в данный период времени, рассматриваемый как момент совершения действия:

I am sitting at my table and writing. – Я сижу за столом и пишу.

Внимание! В английском языке существует ряд глаголов (чувства и состояния), которые не употребляются во временах группы

Continuous: to be, to know, to understand, to think, to recognize, to want, to like, to see, to hear, to feel, to have (в значении «иметь»). Эти глаголы надо употреблять в Present Indefinite даже если действие происходит в момент речи.

2.для выражения будущего запланированного действия

(особенно с глаголами come, go, stay, start, leave):

I am going there next year. – Я собираюсь туда в будущем году.

3.для выражения чьей-либо характеристики. В этом предложении обычно стоят наречия always, constantly. Такое предложение является очень выразительным; в нем показано отношение говорящего (обычно отрицательное) к тому, что говорится

впредложении.

She is constantly finding fault with me. – Она постоянно придирается ко мне.

Exercises

1. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Continuous.

1. The jazz band (to play) in the yard. 2. A lot of people (to listen) to the music and they really (to have) a good time. 3. John and his friends (to go) to the library. 4. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 5. It (not to rain) any more, it (to clear) up and the sun (to shine). 6. What he (to do) at the moment? 7. They (to have) a big dinner together. 8. The neighbors (to wash) their car. 9. My nephew (to fix) his bicycle. 10. The boys (to run)

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about the garden. 11. A young man (to stand) at the window. 12. What they (to talk) about? 13. The old man (not to walk) about the room. 14. The girls (to play) computer games and Tom (to take) pictures. 15. She (to study) geography at the moment.

2. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. She is watching TV at the moment. 2. They are playing football now. 3. My sister is writing a letter to her pen-friend. 4. We are listening to the stereo. 5. The boys are talking to my friend. 6. Be quiet. Mary is sleeping now. 7. You are listening to the radio. 8. My boss is having dinner at the moment. 9. They are working now. 10. I am studying. 11. You are eating at the moment. 12. We are drinking coffee. 13. Michael is holding a book in his hand. 14. His friends are playing volley-ball now. 15. I am planting trees right now.

3. Say that somebody is doing it. Replace the italicized words with the words in brackets.

Example: We often visit them. (today) – We are visiting them today.

1. Felix plays golf every weekend (now). 2. Carry cleans the house regularly (this afternoon). 3. We sometimes go to the zoo (tomorrow morning). 4. Our son usually comes with us (tomorrow). 5. My wife always makes some sandwiches when we have a picnic (now). 6. I don’t work on Saturdays (next Saturday). 7. Business in this area never booms much. (at the moment). 8. Every time I meet Joan she complains of losses at her work (now). 9. We always economize (at the moment). 10. The children usually spend their holidays in the country (this summer). 11. I often meet Janet after work (this evening). 12. Mr. Baker, the head of the division, generally has a talk with newcomers (now). 13. George always goes to Spain in spring (this spring). 14. They don’t get up early in the mornings (this morning). 15. During the afternoon on Friday our boss has meetings with clients (this afternoon).

4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous where necessary.

1. Stop smoking! The room (to be) full of smoke which (to come) from your pipe. 2. The woman who (to speak) with my sister in the yard (to be) our neighbor who (to live) across the street. 3. You (to ask) too much of me. I (to be) quite powerless to help you. 4. You (to go) in my direction? I can give you a lift. 5. I (to look) at the barometer and (to see) that it (to fall). 6. Don’t enter the study. My father (to work) there and he (not to like) to be

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disturbed. 7. You (to see) that woman in the corner? She (to have) her dessert now. 8. Where you (to hurry)? I (to be) afraid to miss my friend. 9. She (to think) he (to drive) dangerously. 10. He (to understand) that he (to eat) noisily, but he always (to forget) about it. 11. Where Tom and Nick (to be) now? – They (to have) a smoke in the garden. 12. What you (to do) here now? – We (to listen) to tape recordings. 13. Michael (to know) German rather well. He (to want) to know English too, but he (to have) little time for it now. 14. What magazine you (to read)? – It (to be) a French magazine.

15.He (not to feel) at liberty to tell the truth.

5.Give answers to the following questions using the Present Continuous or the Present Indefinite Tense.

1.Where are you going this Sunday? – This Sunday …, but usually

on Sundays … . 2. When is he coming to see us? – He … Friday night though most often … . 3. The delegation of French physicians is arriving by plane tonight, isn’t it? – Yes, it … at the Vnukovo Airport; all the foreign delegations, as a rule … . 4. When does your husband start his work? – As a rule he …working at 7 a.m. 5. When is the night train for

Leningrad leaving? – It … in an hour. It … at 15.15 according to the timetable. 6. When are the children leaving for school? – They …in 15 minutes today, but usually they … at 1 p.m. 7. When is the boat from Odessa coming? – It … in half an hour, as it is late tonight, but regularly it … at 8 sharp. 8. Do you always go to bed early during the week? – I often … to beg early on weekdays, but it’s Sunday today so I not … to bed yet. 9.

Where are your parents going for Christmas? – They …to Manchester this Christmas, but usually they … at home. 10. How often do you usually take exams at the institute? – I … exams twice a year. I … my exam in Maths on

Tuesday. 11. Where are you going? – I … to the doctor, I … him twice a month. 12. When is the train arriving at our city? – I don’t know for sure. I guess it usually … at 6 p.m. 13. How do you usually get to your village? – Usually I … a bus, but today I’m in a hurry so I …by car. 14. When is the queen back? – As far as I heard she …today. 15. What is she doing? – Can’t you see? She … tennis.

6. Find mistakes in the sentences and correct them.

1. I’m always cleaning my apartment. 2. Look. Can you see Simon over there. He’s been sitting in the corner. 3. They swim in the lake now. 4. We are waiting for our friends an hour ago. 5. Now I’m wanting to go and seeing the lions. 6. My aunt isn’t working at the shop. 7. What do you do now? – I’m playing chess. 8. How was your brother? – He is better now.

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