Unit 2. Nature of the work Professional etiquette

• How to schedule a meeting.

• To schedule a meeting (an appointment) – назначить встречу;

• To schedule someone/something in – вписать кого-то/что-либо в свой график;

• A tight, hectic schedule – напряженный, перегруженный график работы

• Officer – чиновник, сотрудник с определенной должностью;

• Staff – вспомогательный персонал (штат сотрудников);

• Staff lounge – гостиная или кафетерий для всего персонала, где можно передохнуть, выпить чай или кофе. Такую гостиную можно зарезервировать для короткой деловой встречи.

Task 1. Read the dialogue and find English equivalents in it.

Я перезвоню; это по вопросу…?; я звоню по поручению; сейчас нет на месте; он предпочитает не говорить; встретиться во время ланча; сотрудница приемной комиссии; гостиная для сотрудников.

• This is Sheila of Alumni Office. I’m calling for Mr. MacDuggan, director. He would like to schedule a meeting with Ms. Needham, admissions officer.

• Ms. Needham is not in right now. May I take a message for her about the place and time of the meeting?

• Yes please. Mr. MacDuggan would like to meet at lunch time any day next week, in the staff lounge.

• And this is regarding...?

• He’d rather not tell, but he said it’s important.

• All right, I’ll call you back today.

• How to re-schedule a meeting.

• To re-schedule (formal) – перенести встречу;

• To take a rain check (informal) – перенести встречу.

Task 2. Read two dialogues below and find the reasons for re-scheduling the meetings.

Dialogue 1.

• Sheila? Jim MacDuggan. I’d like to re-schedule today’s meeting with Dana. Could you ask her if she’s free tomorrow, same time?

• Yes, Mr. MacDuggan. I’ll call you back after I talk to her about it.

• Thanks. Oh, yes, will you please tell her that Mr. Grey unexpectedly came for a short visit today, and I just have to be in the office?

• Sure.

Dialogue 2.

• Ms. Needham? This is Ella Smith. We have a meeting scheduled for tonight at 7 p.m. I’m sorry I cannot make it. Could we re-schedule, please?

• Has anything happened, Ella?

• Well, my supervisor, Mr. Grey, asked me to submit my plan by Monday…

• I see. Hmm, my schedule is quite hectic all week. How about you call my secretary on Tuesday? She’ll tell you when we can meet.

• Thank you, Ms. Needham.

Task 3. In pairs, schedule and then re-schedule a meeting to your partner. Explain why you can’t meet. Use the dialogues above.

Reading and speaking

Task 1. Read the text «Nature of the work» and match the paragraphs with the titles.

1. The main work of biologists.

2. New areas of biology.

3. Biological equipment.

4. Managerial and administrative work.

5. Research work.

Nature of the Work

(1) Biological scientists study living organisms and their relationship to their environment. They research problems dealing with life processes. Most specialize in some areas of biology such as zoology or microbiology.

(2) Many biological scientists work in research and development. Some conduct basic research to advance knowledge of living organisms, including viruses, bacteria, and other infectious agents. Basic biological research continues to provide the building blocks necessary to develop solutions to human health problems, and to preserve and repair the natural environment.

(3) Those who conduct research usually work in laboratories and use electron microscopes, computers, thermal cyclers, or a wide variety of other equipment. Some conduct experiments using laboratory animals or greenhouse plants. This is particularly true of botanists, physiologists, and zoologists. For some biological scientists, research is also performed outside of laboratories. For example, a botanist might do research in tropical rain forests to see what plants grow there, while an ecologist might study how a forest area recovers after a fire. Some marine biologists also work outdoors, often on research vessels from which they study various marine organisms such as marine plankton or fish.

(4) Some researchers work in managerial or administrative positions, usually after spending some time doing research and learning about the firm, agency, or project. They may plan and administer programs for testing foods and drugs, for example, or direct activities at zoos or botanical gardens. Some work as consultants to business firms or to government, while others test and inspect foods, drugs, and other products.

(5) Recent advances in biotechnology and information technology are transforming the industries in which biological scientists work. In the 1980s, swift advances in basic biological knowledge related to genetics and molecules spurred growth in the field of biotechnology. Biological scientists using this technology manipulate the genetic material of animals or plants, attempting to make organisms more productive or resistant to disease. Research using biotechnology techniques, such as recombining DNA, has led to the production of important substances, including human insulin and growth hormone. Many other substances not previously available in large quantities are starting to be produced by biotechnological means; some may be useful in treating cancer and other diseases. Today, many biological scientists are involved in biotechnology. Those who work on the Human Genome project continue to isolate genes and determine their functionality. This work continues to lead to the discovery of the genes associated with specific diseases and inherited traits, such as certain types of cancer or obesity. These advances in biotechnology have opened up research opportunities in almost all areas of biology, including commercial applications in agriculture, environmental remediation, and the food and chemical industries.

Task 2. Match the words with their definitions.

1. DNA (N)	a) the study of microscopic organisms
2. virus (N)	b) a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body
3. cancer (N)	c)the information or blue print of a cell
4. biotechology (N)	d) the action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage
5. zoology (N)	e) a laboratory apparatus used to amplify segments of DNA
6. infectious (Adj)	f) a kind of germ that can cause disease
7. remediation (N)	g) very small organisms
8. cycler (N)	h) to receive genetic information from ancestors
9. bacteria (N)	i) the use of living parts such as cells or bacteria in industry and technology
10. microbology (N)	j) a disease likely to be transmitted to people, organisms, etc., through the environment
11. inherit (V)	k) the study of animals

Task 3. Complete the sentences.

1. Biological scientists study …

2. They research problems dealing with …

3. They usually work in … and use … or other equipment.

4. Some conduct experiments using …

5. Biological managers may plan … or direct …

6. Some of them work as … to business …

7. In the 1980s, swift advances in … related to …

8. The research of Human Genome includes …

Task 4. Read the text «Solving a genetic mystery» and match the highlighted words with the following meanings.

1. distinct and separate units.

2. a region of DNA where a specific set of instructions for one trait is kept. We get some of our genes from our mother and some from our father.

3. all of the individuals born at about the same time.

4. the field of biology that studies how genes control the appearance of living things and how genes are passed down from parent to offspring.

5. putting together male and female reproductive cells to create offspring.

6. a number, usually in percentages, that tells you likelihood that an event will happen.

7. characteristics of an organism that can be the result of genes and/or influenced by the environment. They can be physical like hair color or the shape and size of a plant leaf. They can also be behaviours such as birds building nests.