Task 9. Match the terms with their definitions.

Application letter	A. is a type of communication commonly used in businesses. It is sent to colleagues and co-workers.
Covering letter	B. is a document in which you market your skills, abilities, and knowledge.
Memo	C. is a document written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties.
Business letter	D. is a document which identifies an item being sent, the person to whom it is being sent, and the reason for its being sent, and provides a permanent record of the transmittal for both the writer and the reader.

Unit 3. Classification of biological professions Business Etiquette

Task 1. Complete the sentences with the offering answers. Read the text «European business etiquette you should know» to check.

1. Business etiquette is …

1. genderless b) followed only by women

2. The man … open the door for a woman.

1. should b) shouldn’t

3. Your guiding principle should … be to treat people with respect.

1. always b) sometimes

4. You should introduce

1. a higher-ranking person to a lower-ranking person.

2. a lower-ranking person to a higher-ranking person.

5. Handshakes are … in the workplace.

1. welcome b) forbidden

6. A man should wear in an office…

1. suits and shirts of any colour, and loafers.

2. dark suits and shirts without pockets and laced shoes.

7. You can come to a meeting a few minutes …

1. earlier b) later

8. Asking personal questions is … to the English.

1. acceptable b) impossible

9. Giving presents is … of doing business in England.

1. part b) not part

10. A business lunch is often conducted in a … and consists of … .

1. pub … a light meal and a pint of ale

2. restaurant … a heavy meal and a bottle of wine

European Business Etiquette You should know

According to Hilka Klinkenberg, director of Etiquette International, a business etiquette firm, the basics of professional etiquette are really quite simple. First, understand the difference between business etiquette and social etiquette. Business etiquette is genderless. For example, the traditional chivalrous etiquette of holding the door open for a woman is not necessary in the workplace and can even have the unintended effect of offending her. In the work environment, men and women are peers.

Second, your guiding principle should always be to treat people with consideration and respect. Although this may seem obvious, Klinkenberg cites this basic decency as a frequent casualty in today's workplace.

Here are a few of the specific dos and don'ts of business etiquette you are likely to encounter during your workday.

Introductions

The proper way to make an introduction is to introduce a lower-ranking person to a higher-ranking person. For example, if your CEO is Mrs. Jones and you are introducing administrative assistant Jane Smith to her, the correct introduction would be «Mrs. Jones, I'd like you to meet Jane Smith». If you forget a person's name while making an introduction, don't panic. Proceed with the introduction with a statement such as, «I'm sorry, your name has just slipped my mind». Omitting an introduction is a bigger faux pas than salvaging a botched introduction.

Handshakes

The physical connection you make when shaking hands with someone can leave a powerful impression. When someone's handshake is unpleasant in any way, we often associate negative character traits with that person. A firm handshake made with direct eye contact sets the stage for a positive encounter.

Women take note: To avoid any confusion during an introduction, always extend your hand when greeting someone. Remember, men and women are equals in the workplace.

Appearance

Business attire rules are somewhat relaxed in England, but conservative dress is still very important for both men and women.

Dark suits, usually black, blue, or gray, are quite acceptable.

Men's shirts should not have pockets; if they do, the pockets should always be kept empty. Additionally, men should wear solid or patterned ties, while avoiding striped ties.

Men wear laced shoes, not loafers.

Businesswomen are not as limited to colors and styles as men are, though it is still important to maintain a conservative image.

Behaviour

Always be punctual in England. Arriving a few minutes earlier for safety is acceptable.

Decision-making is slower in England than in the United States; therefore it is unwise to rush the English into making a decision.

A simple handshake is the standard greeting (for both men and women) for business occasions and for visiting a home.

Privacy is very important to the English. Therefore asking personal questions or intensely staring at another person should be avoided.

Eye contact is seldom kept during British conversations.

To signal that something is to be kept confidential or secret, tap your nose.

Personal space is important in England, and one should maintain a wide physical space when conversing. Furthermore, it is considered inappropriate to touch others in public.

Gifts are generally not part of doing business in England.

A business lunch will often be conducted in a pub and will consist of a light meal and perhaps a pint of ale.

When socializing after work hours, do not bring up the subject of work.