59. Consider the evaluation of the effectiveness of research. Рассмотрите оценку эффективности исследований.

The main types of efficiency of scientific research:

• Cost-effectiveness - the growth of national income, increased productivity, product quality, reduce the cost of scientific research;

• strengthening the country's defense;

• socio-economic efficiency - the elimination of hard work, improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions of work, cleaning up the environment, and so on. D;

• prestige of Russian science.

The effectiveness of the researcher to evaluate various criteria: Publication, economic, novelty designs, cited works and others.

The main evaluation criteria fundamental research include:

• the total number of publications;

• the total number of citations;

• the impact factor of the journal;

• Maximum quoting one job;

• h-index.

Total number of publications - the number of published scientific works, excluding certificates of authorship and patenty. The disadvantage of this criterion is that not considered quality publications. In addition, since the criteria used to calculate the electronic libraries, many of the earliest published works and unstaged remain unclaimed.

The total number of citations reflects the number of references to publications in refereed scientific scientist periodic publications. High rate of citation is the official recognition of a particular scientist scientific community and the confirmation of its priority. The presence of a scientific and educational organization of scientists with high citation index, indicating a high efficiency and effectiveness of the organization as a whole. By cons use this criterion is the fact that it is not taken into account the total number of jobs, this figure is high even in the presence of only one outstanding work. Derivative criterion is the maximum quoting one job - an indicator of the maximum number of sources cited per publication.

In recent years, to evaluate the effectiveness of scientific activity by the international community is increasingly use indeks Hirsch (h-index). This is an integral component linking the number of published papers a scientist (or research team) with their citation, proposed in 2005 as an alternative to classical indeks citation [5, 6]. The criterion is based on the account number of publications researchers and number of citations of these publications.

It should be understood that each of these criteria has its advantages and disadvantages, so to evaluate the effectiveness of scientific work is better to use a set of all five criteria.

3 Basic system - international «Web of Science» (Tomson Reuters) and «Scopus» (Elsiever) and Russian RISC system - automatically calculates the above criteria.

Scientific and technical efficiency characterizes the growth of new scientific knowledge, intended for further development of science and technology.

Social efficiency is to increase the standard of living of people, development of public health, culture, science and education, improvement of environmental conditions, etc.