62. Consider the language and style of scientific and technical language. Рассмотрите язык и стиль научно-технической речи.

The purpose of science as a branch of human activity is to disclose by research the inner substance of things and phenomena of objective reality and find out the laws regulating them, thus enabling man to predict, control and direct their future development in order to improve the material and social life of mankind. The style of scientific prose is therefore mainly characterized by an arrangement of language means which will bring proofs to clinch a theory. The main function of scientific prose is proof. The selection of language means must therefore meet this principle requirement.

The genre of scientific works is mostly characteristic of the written form of language (scientific articles, monographs or textbooks), but it may also be found in its oral form (in scientific reports, lectures, discussions at conferences, etc); in the latter case this style has some features of colloquial speech.

The language of science is governed by the aim of the functional style of scientific prose, which is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose the internal laws of existence, development, relations between different phenomena, etc. The language means used, therefore, tend to be objective, precise, unemotional, and devoid of any individuality; there is a striving for the most generalized form of expression.

The first and most noticeable feature of this style is the logical sequence of utterances with clear indication of their interrelations and interdependence, that is why in no other functional style there is such a developed and varied system of connectives as in scientific prose. The most frequently words used in scientific text are functional words; conjunctions and prepositions.

63. Consider the basic requirements for the design of tables, charts, formulas and references according to gost 7.32-2001.

Рассмотрите основные требования к оформлению таблиц, графиков, формул и ссылок согласно ГОСТ 7.32-2001.

Making tables

The table name in the text of the work or the application should be placed above the table to the left, without indention in one line with its number by a dash. Table should be placed in the work immediately after the text in which it was mentioned for the first time, or on the next page.

When you transfer the table to another page of her name placed only on the first part of the table; the lower horizontal line, limiting the table, do not conduct; on the next page write the word "Continued" and indicate the number of tables (for example, "Continuation of Table 1"). Where reference is necessary to write the word "table", indicating its number (eg, "Table 1"). Table, except for application tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals sequentially numbered. The number of the table consists of the chapter number and the serial number of the table, separated by a period (Table 1.1).

Making illustrations (drawings, graphs, charts, diagrams)

Illustrations (drawings, graphs, charts, computer printouts, diagrams, photographs) should be placed directly after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page.Illustration, illustrations except applications should be numbered in Arabic numerals sequentially numbered. If one picture, it is designated "Figure 1", and then under the illustration of the word "Figure" and its name in the middle of a line. The figure number, consists of the chapter number and serial number of illustrations, separated by a dot, for example, "Figure 1.1". Illustrations may have the name and descriptive information (caption text). The word "Figure" and its number and name are placed in front of explanatory data and a middle of the line (for example, "Figure 1 - Schedule a break-even point").

Registration of equations and formulas

Equations and formulas should be separated from the text in a separate line.