- •А. Л. Казыро, а. А. Фокина, е. Л. Яндакова
- •Раздел I Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению
- •1.1 Значение пособия для подготовки студентов-филологов
- •1.2 Цели и задачи курса
- •1.3 Методические рекомендации по работе со сборником
- •Раздел II тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов What is linguistics?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language as a system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Explain the meanings of the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language structure and language function
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box (using them in the appropriate form).
- •5. Retell the text. Language families
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •5. Retell the text. The languages of Russia
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Retell the text. The Maris and their language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Finish the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text. The Finns and the Karelians and their languages
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find pairs of words from these two lists:
- •5. Retell the text. The world language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the statements about the world language with the words in the box.
- •5. Retell the text. British English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work with a partner. Think of as many differences between British English and American English as possible.
- •5. Retell the text. What is American English?
- •Australian English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •4. Replace the words in italics by the words from the standard English.
- •5. Retell the text. The language competition
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Look at the suffixes of these words. Are they adjectives (a) or nouns (n)?
- •5. Retell the text.
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text ‘Killer languages’ strengthen their grip. Are these statements true or false?
- •5. Retell the text. Fields and aspects of linguistics
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match a word in a to a synonym in b.
- •5. Retell the text. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics. Phonemes
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Write the nouns connected to Phonetics.
- •5. Retell the text. The object of lexicology. Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column to form meaningful phrases.
- •5. Retell the text. English Vocabulary. New words and old
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •5. Retell the text. Words and their ways in English speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. What are proverbs?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. An introduction to theoretical grammar
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •5. Retell the text. Parts of speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Choose the right answer.
- •5. Retell the text. On the English case system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the sentence using the missing prepositions where it is necessary.
- •5. Retell the text. Syntax
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases.
- •Problems of stylistic research
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work in small groups. Read the text and add any information to the chart you can.
- •5. Retell the text. Stylistics of language and speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find synonyms of these words.
- •5. Retell the text. Список использованной литературы
- •Содержание
- •Раздел I. Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению 3
- •Раздел II. Тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов5
1. Study the vocabulary:
assonance – созвучие
brevity – краткость
contrariwise – с другой стороны, наоборот
occasional quotation – случайная цитата
popular consciousness – сознание народа
rhyme – рифма
saying – поговорка
snatch of popular common sense – изречения, выражающие народную мудрость
to mingle – смешивать (-ся)
to percolate – просачиваться
transient catchphrase – выражение, распространенное в тот или иной период
2. Answer the questions.
What is the definition of a proverb?
Is a proverb popular?
How do you understand the word ‘popular’?
What’s the difference between ‘to become popular’ and ‘to remain popular’?
Do some proverbs jump into the popular mind with unusual rapidity?
Do we remember the origin of the proverbs?
Is brevity an essential aspect of memorable sayings?
3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Пословица – сжатое, грамматически и логически законченное изречение с поучительным смыслом.
Пословицы очень популярны среди народа.
Рифма, созвучие и краткость делают пословицу запоминаемой.
Чтобы стать пословицей, изречение должно распространиться среди народа.
Происхождение пословицы часто неизвестно.
Стать популярным не означает оставаться популярным.
С появлением печати изречения мудрецов распространялись среди народа двумя способами: устным и письменным.
Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
|
unnecessary, definition, proverbs, popular, quotations, remain, ingredient, wise |
The ______ might have said 'а short wise saying', but presumably this was thought _______ as the word 'saying', when used in this way, implies wisdom. For wisdom is the other main ______ of the proverb. То bеcоmе _____ it must at least appear outstandingly wise; to remain popular it must in truth contain enduring wisdom. However, the fact ______ that some wise sayings have become _____, while others equally _____ have not. They have been lost or they have remained merely occasional ______.
5. Retell the text. An introduction to theoretical grammar
While studying grammar of present day English we distinguish two parts of it: morphology and syntax. Morphology is the part of grammar which treats of the forms of words. It deals with the structure classification and combinability of words. Syntax is a part of language which treats of phrases and sentences. It deals with the structure classification and combinability of phrases and sentences.
Grammar is a part of linguistics which studies the grammatical structure of a language. When we speak of a grammatical structure we mean the whole complex of regularities which regulate the meaning of word-changing and the means of connecting the words into sentences and word combinations.
The purpose of the theoretical grammar is to present a systemic study of the grammatical structure of a language.
Grammar is a part of language while language is a means of forming ideas as reflection of reality and exchanging them in the process of intercourse. Language is social by nature because it is inseparably connected with the people. It grows and develops together with the development of society.
The relations between word building in grammar and lexicology are not quite clear. Three views have been expressed:
1. Word building is a part of lexicology.
2. Word building is partly at least a matter of grammar.
3. Word building is a special sphere intermediate between lexicology and grammar.
The grammatical aspect of word building is that words belonging to a certain part of speech are derived by means of certain morphemes.
Affixes showing to what part of speech the words belong are very few. Among them is the suffix -ity for nouns, for adjectives – -less, -ous, -ly, for verbs – -ize/-ise. But most of word forming affixes are ambiguous. They do not point any definite part of speech, but leave some choice. For nouns and adjectives the same suffixes are used. One and the same prefix can be found in different parts of speech such as ‘independence’, ‘independently’, ‘independent’.
Thus the grammatical aspect of word building in English is rather unimportant, but nevertheless it can be considered one of the phenomena linking grammar with lexicology.