- •А. Л. Казыро, а. А. Фокина, е. Л. Яндакова
- •Раздел I Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению
- •1.1 Значение пособия для подготовки студентов-филологов
- •1.2 Цели и задачи курса
- •1.3 Методические рекомендации по работе со сборником
- •Раздел II тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов What is linguistics?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language as a system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Explain the meanings of the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language structure and language function
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box (using them in the appropriate form).
- •5. Retell the text. Language families
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •5. Retell the text. The languages of Russia
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Retell the text. The Maris and their language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Finish the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text. The Finns and the Karelians and their languages
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find pairs of words from these two lists:
- •5. Retell the text. The world language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the statements about the world language with the words in the box.
- •5. Retell the text. British English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work with a partner. Think of as many differences between British English and American English as possible.
- •5. Retell the text. What is American English?
- •Australian English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •4. Replace the words in italics by the words from the standard English.
- •5. Retell the text. The language competition
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Look at the suffixes of these words. Are they adjectives (a) or nouns (n)?
- •5. Retell the text.
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text ‘Killer languages’ strengthen their grip. Are these statements true or false?
- •5. Retell the text. Fields and aspects of linguistics
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match a word in a to a synonym in b.
- •5. Retell the text. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics. Phonemes
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Write the nouns connected to Phonetics.
- •5. Retell the text. The object of lexicology. Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column to form meaningful phrases.
- •5. Retell the text. English Vocabulary. New words and old
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •5. Retell the text. Words and their ways in English speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. What are proverbs?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. An introduction to theoretical grammar
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •5. Retell the text. Parts of speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Choose the right answer.
- •5. Retell the text. On the English case system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the sentence using the missing prepositions where it is necessary.
- •5. Retell the text. Syntax
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases.
- •Problems of stylistic research
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work in small groups. Read the text and add any information to the chart you can.
- •5. Retell the text. Stylistics of language and speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find synonyms of these words.
- •5. Retell the text. Список использованной литературы
- •Содержание
- •Раздел I. Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению 3
- •Раздел II. Тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов5
1. Study the vocabulary:
ablative absolute – абсолютный аблатив
adjective – прилагательное
adverb – наречие
arcane term – скрытый термин
conjunction – союз
exclamation – восклицание
exclamation mark – восклицательный знак
grammatical term – грамматический термин
interjection – междометие
non-finite subordination – неличное подчинение
noun – существительное
part of speech – часть речи
preposition – предлог
pronoun – местоимение
verb – глагол
2. Answer the questions.
How many parts of speech does the English language have?
What is a noun?
What is the definition of verb?
How can an adjective be defined?
What is an adverb?
How can a pronoun be defined?
What is a preposition?
What can you say about conjunction?
What is an interjection?
3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Существительное – это часть речи, которая обозначает человека, предмет, деятельность или же понятие.
Глагол – это часть речи, обозначающая действие.
Прилагательное – это часть речи, обозначающая признак существительного. Оно относится к описательному слову, так как описывает существительное.
Наречие – это часть речи, которая обозначает признак действия.
Предлог определяет отношение между другими частями речи.
Союз соединяет слова или группу слов.
Междометие используется для выражения гнева, разочарования и других эмоций.
4. Choose the right answer.
1._____ is а word for а person, an object, а plасе, an action or а concept.
a noun; b) an adjective; c) a verb; d) a preposition; e) a pronoun; f) an interjection; g) a conjunction.
______ is а word for any kind of action or activity.
a) a noun; b) an adjective; c) a verb; d) a preposition; e) a pronoun; f) an interjection; g) a conjunction.
______ is referred to as а descriptive word, because it describes а noun.
a) a noun; b) an adjective; c) a verb; d) a preposition; e) a pronoun; f) an interjection; g) a conjunction.
_______ takes the plасе of а noun.
a noun; b) an adjective; c) a verb; d) a preposition; e) a pronoun; f) an interjection; g) a conjunction.
_______ is а word defining the relationship between two other parts of speech.
a noun; b) an adjective; c) a verb; d) a preposition; e) a pronoun; f) an interjection; g) a conjunction.
______ links two words or two groups of words together.
a noun, b) an adjective c) a verb, d) a preposition, e) a pronoun f) an interjection g) a conjunction.
6. ______is anything from а howl (Ouch!), to а greeting (Нal1о!), to any word used to express irritation, frustration any other emotion.
a noun; b) an adjective; c) a verb; d) a preposition; e) a pronoun; f) an interjection; g) a conjunction.
5. Retell the text. On the English case system
Other than language teachers and classicists, how many people understand the case-system of language? And how much does it contribute to the good use of English? Some would claim that it is an essential part of English grammar, while others, for whom case is little more than a distant echo from their school days, would dismiss it as irrelevant.
Case defines the grammatical relationship of certain words in a sentence. For anyone who is interested, or needs to refresh their memory, look at this sentence: ‘She sent him Mary’s letter.’
‘She’ does the action and is in the nominative (or subjective) case; ‘letter’ is the object of the action and is in the accusative (or objective) case; ‘him’ is the recipient of the action and is in the dative case; ‘Mary’s’ denotes possession and is in the genitive (or possessive) case.
Old English, the language before roughly the mid 12th century, had a case-system as complex as Latin and Greek, with different forms of words depending on how they related to other words in the sentence. But nearly all that system has dropped away and no one misses it. Even what is left of case in modern English is often arguable. Because the verb ‘to be’, for example, is a verb of ‘being’, it should properly be followed by the nominative case (I, she, he, etc.). Most grammarians concede that ‘it’s me’, ‘this is him’ sound natural when we are speaking, but require the nominative case (‘it is I’, ‘this is he’) in writing. This is reasonable in formal writing but does written English always have to be so stiff-necked? There is also much argument about whether ‘as’ is followed by the accusative case (‘as me’) or the nominative case (‘as I’). This applies to the words following ‘than’, to say nothing of the notorious ‘between you and I’.
In the future development of English, case may well become increasingly irrelevant, although for the foreseeable future careful writers will continue to observe at least some of the rules. But if you spend too much time worrying about it you can end up as a suitable case for treatment.