- •А. Л. Казыро, а. А. Фокина, е. Л. Яндакова
- •Раздел I Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению
- •1.1 Значение пособия для подготовки студентов-филологов
- •1.2 Цели и задачи курса
- •1.3 Методические рекомендации по работе со сборником
- •Раздел II тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов What is linguistics?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language as a system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Explain the meanings of the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language structure and language function
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box (using them in the appropriate form).
- •5. Retell the text. Language families
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •5. Retell the text. The languages of Russia
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Retell the text. The Maris and their language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Finish the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text. The Finns and the Karelians and their languages
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find pairs of words from these two lists:
- •5. Retell the text. The world language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the statements about the world language with the words in the box.
- •5. Retell the text. British English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work with a partner. Think of as many differences between British English and American English as possible.
- •5. Retell the text. What is American English?
- •Australian English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •4. Replace the words in italics by the words from the standard English.
- •5. Retell the text. The language competition
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Look at the suffixes of these words. Are they adjectives (a) or nouns (n)?
- •5. Retell the text.
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text ‘Killer languages’ strengthen their grip. Are these statements true or false?
- •5. Retell the text. Fields and aspects of linguistics
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match a word in a to a synonym in b.
- •5. Retell the text. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics. Phonemes
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Write the nouns connected to Phonetics.
- •5. Retell the text. The object of lexicology. Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column to form meaningful phrases.
- •5. Retell the text. English Vocabulary. New words and old
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •5. Retell the text. Words and their ways in English speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. What are proverbs?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. An introduction to theoretical grammar
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •5. Retell the text. Parts of speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Choose the right answer.
- •5. Retell the text. On the English case system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the sentence using the missing prepositions where it is necessary.
- •5. Retell the text. Syntax
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases.
- •Problems of stylistic research
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work in small groups. Read the text and add any information to the chart you can.
- •5. Retell the text. Stylistics of language and speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find synonyms of these words.
- •5. Retell the text. Список использованной литературы
- •Содержание
- •Раздел I. Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению 3
- •Раздел II. Тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов5
1. Study the vocabulary:
affix – аффикс
ambiguous – двусмысленный
by means of something – посредством чего-либо
combinability – сочетаемость
intermediate – средний
morphology – морфология
nevertheless – несмотря на
phenomenon (phenomena) – явление (явления)
prefix – префикс
regularities – система
structure classification – структурная классификация
suffix – суффикс
syntax – синтаксис
systemic study – систематическое изучение
the grammatical structure of a language – грамматическая структура языка
to derive – выводить
word building – словосложение
word combination – словосочетание
word forming – словообразование
word-changing – словоизменение
Answer the questions.
What parts of grammar do we distinguish?
What is morphology?
What does grammar study?
What does syntax treat of?
What is the purpose of the theoretical grammar?
What points of view have been expressed on word building?
Do affixes show to what part of speech the words belong in English?
What suffix can prove that a word is a noun?
What suffix shows that a word is an adjective?
What suffix can prove that a word is a verb?
Can one and the same prefix be found in different parts of speech?
Is the grammatical aspect of word building in English considerable?
Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Морфология затрагивает структурную классификацию и сочетаемость слов.
Синтаксис изучает структурную классификацию и сочетаемость словосочетаний и предложений.
Когда говорим о грамматической структуре, мы подразумеваем целый комплекс системы.
Язык – это средство формирования идей как отражение действительности и обмена их в процессе общения.
Язык имеет социальную природу, поскольку он неразрывно связан с людьми.
Взаимоотношения между словообразованием в грамматике и лексикологии недостаточно ясны.
Многие словообразующие аффиксы неоднозначны.
Read the text and write appropriate questions for the following answers.
Morphology.
Syntax.
Grammar.
Language.
Among affixes is suffix.
Prefix can be found in different parts of speech.
5. Retell the text. Parts of speech
A complete list of grammatical terms, including such arcane ones as ablative absolute and non-finite subordination, has no place in a guide to English in the 1990s. Mostly it is only grammarians who are aware of them: for many others they are, at best, echoes of distant thunder from their schooldays. This is not to say they do not have a place in the academic study of form and structure of language, but it is to say they are not part of using English creatively and effectively.
It is useful to be clear about what are referred to as the eight parts of speech, for one of these terms applies to nearly every word we use, and they provide the rudiments for talking about language. Those in bold type in the following list have a more detailed entry in ‘The Good English Guide’:
A noun is a word for a person, an object, a place, an action or a concept: ‘woman, book, town, walking, imagination...’
A verb is a word for any kind of action or activity: ‘walk, talk, think, love...’
An adjective is referred to as a descriptive word, because it describes a noun: ‘good, bad, large, small, beautiful...’
An adverb is to a verb what an adjective is to a noun that is it describes an action: ‘to walk slowly, to think quickly, to do well...’
A pronoun takes the place of a noun. The most common ones are ‘she, he, it’. ‘I saw the woman, as she left the house’; ‘the train was late but it arrived eventually’.
A preposition is a word defining the relationship between two other parts of speech: ‘she went into the house’; ‘he stood before her’; ‘wine goes well with cheese’.
A conjunction links two words or two groups of words together. The most common one is and: ‘Jack and Jill went up the hill’; ‘Jack clever but Jill is pretty’; ‘Do you want tea or coffee?’
An interjection is anything from a howl (Ouch!), to a greeting (Hello!), to any word used to express irritation, frustration or any other emotion (Oh dear! Ha! Ha!). A more logical term is exclamation, since interjections are always followed by exclamation marks.