- •Передмова
- •*Вправа 2. Порівняйте українські речення 1 – 7 із вправи 1 з їх англійськими еквівалентами. До якої частини мови належать підкреслені слова в англійських реченнях?
- •*Вправа 3. Порівняйте українські речення 8 - 9 із вправи 1 з їх англійськими еквівалентами. До якої частини мови належать підкреслені слова в англійських реченнях?
- •Контрольні запитання:
- •В) вираження дії, яка передує дії чи стану, що виражається присудком головного речення;
- •Етап ііі Герундій – The Gerund
- •Етап IV Дієприкметник теперішнього часу - The Present Participle
- •А) підкреслене слово виражає дію, виконавець якої невідомий; б) підкреслене слово виражає дію, яка відбувається одночасно з дією чи станом, що виражається присудком головного речення;
- •Етап V Дієприкметник минулого часу - The Past Participle
- •Етап VI Формування навичок читання
- •Інструкція 5 (продовження). Таблиця 4
- •Етап іі Утворення речень в умовному способі
- •Типи умовних речень
- •Етап ііі Формування навичок читання
- •Ключі Цикл і Етап і
- •Етап іі
- •Етап III
- •Етап IV
- •Етап VI
- •Цикл іі Етап і
- •Етап іі
- •Етап ііі
- •Додаток цикл іі Етап іі
Ключі Цикл і Етап і
Вправа 1 (с. 7)
1) 1. не просто
2. перекласти
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хочу
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може перекласти
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має знати
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був надто втомлений
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був першим
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була
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є кращою
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мій товариш
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звернув увагу
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займе
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пишаюсь
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було перекладати
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є
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повинен зрозуміти
2) Підкреслені слова містять в собі значення дії.
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Підмет.
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Смислова частина іменного присудка.
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Додаток.
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Смислова частина складеного дієслівного (модального) присудка.
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Обставина мети.
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Обставина наслідку.
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Означення.
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Означення.
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Означення.
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Означення.
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Обставина часу.
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Підмет.
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Додаток.
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Смислова частина іменного присудка.
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Означення.
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Обставина способу дії.
Вправа 2 (с. 8)
Підкреслені слова - це інфінітив дієслова to translate.
Вправа 3 (с. 9)
Підкреслені слова - це Past Participle дієслова to translate.
Вправа 4 (с. 9)
Підкреслені слова - це Present Participle дієслова to translate.
Вправа 5 (с. 10)
Підкреслені слова - це спеціальна -ing форма дієслова to translate, яка називається герундієм (the Gerund).
Етап іі
Вправа 1 (с. 12)
а) 5, 6
б) 1, 3, 6
в) 2, 4, 5
г) 3, 4
Вправа 4 (с. 14)
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To be or not to be - that is the question.
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To see her every day was enough for him.
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Our intention is to help you.
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His next step was to speak to Jane.
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All that you have to do is to call me tomorrow.
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To refuse them now is to lose a profitable order.
Вправа 5 (с. 17)
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We are going to discuss our plans.
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We should (ought to) look at this proposal very carefully.
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The payment has to be made through the National Bank.
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She would never watch TV.
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There are many hotel rooms available, so you don't need (have) to book one in advance. Or: ... you needn't book...
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His statements proved (turned out) to be false.
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She is certain (sure) to get a job.
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They used to go to France every summer.
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The Central Bank is unlikely to lower interest rates this year.
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The government shouldn’t (oughtn't to) have raised taxes.
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I just happened to be passing, so I dropped in.
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Now, I had better (would rather) get to work.
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You seem to have been living in London at that time.
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She may (can) be promoted at the end of the year.
Вправа 6 (c. 20)
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I expect (hope) to be given a pay rise.
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I am sorry to say this, but your work is unsatisfactory. Or: I regret to say that your work is unsatisfactory.
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I can't afford to buy something at present.
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She can't decide what time to invite the customers.
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He doesn’t want to be appointed Sales Manager.
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I would like to see her face when you communicate this news to her.
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The partners have arranged to continue the negotiations next week.
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She is anxious (eager) to go to the mountains in the summer.
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You deserve to be paid more.
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Is it hard (difficult) to learn English?
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The girl pretended not to see me.
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They didn’t know how to get there by car.
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When did you start (begin) to learn English?
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We'd like to know if you offer some discounts.
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The scientist failed to prove his hypothesis.
Вправа 7 (c. 21)
1) Слова, виділені курсивом, виконують функцію першого додатка; слова, виділені жирним шрифтом, виконують функцію другого додатка.
а) Перший додаток виражено іменником.
б) Перший додаток виражено особовим займенником в об'єктному відмінку.
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В обох реченнях другий додаток виражено інфінітивом.
Вправа 8 (c. 22)
У цих реченнях інфінітив уживається без частки to.
Вправа 9 (c. 23)
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The fall in demand forced us to cut production. Or: The fall in demand made us cut production.
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He warned me not to place all my money in one company.
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The policeman told the driver to slow down.
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They persuaded the bank to finance the project.
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The partners asked (requested) us to insure the cargo.
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They prompted (induced) us to speak English all the time. Or: They made us speak English all the time.
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The director commanded (ordered) all the employees to be at work at 7 a.m.
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I was allowed to have a day off.
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The new law will enable (allow) supermarkets to open on Sundays.
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The director invited the customers to visit the plant.
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The lawyer advised us to make a formal complaint.
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Her parents don't allow the girl to go out at night. Or: Her parents don't let the girl...
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The employees are encouraged to work overtime.
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Could you help me (to) prepare the annual report?
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They were made (induced / forced) to agree to a 5% discount.
Вправа 10 (c. 24)
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Курсивом виділені підрядні додаткові речення.
а) Підмет підрядного додаткового речення.
б) Присудок підрядного додаткового речення.
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Англійські речення - це прості речення за структурою.
4) Підмет українського підрядного додаткового речення виражено в англійському простому реченні:
а) особовими займенником в об'єктному відмінку;
б) іменником у загальному відмінку.
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Слова her та shares виконують функцію першого додатка.
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Присудок в українських підрядних додаткових реченнях виражено інфінітивом в англійських простих реченнях.
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Інфінітиви to inform та to be sold виконують функцію другого додатка в англійських простих реченнях.
Вправа 11 (c. 25)
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The secretary noticed him take the papers.
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The director expects the problem to have been settled.
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We'd like the agreement to be successful.
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They want the contract to be signed as early as January.
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He felt somebody touch his shoulder.
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The captain commanded (ordered) the goods to be loaded at once.
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Where do you want me to be waiting for you?
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I heard him give a talk on 'Quality Control'.
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Nobody saw them leave the office.
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Everybody watched (observed) the negotiators sign the protocol.
Вправа 12 (c. 26)
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I would like the article to be published in the next issue of the journal.
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He warned me not to rush into a decision.
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High taxes induce people to hide incomes. Or: High taxes make people hide incomes.
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Our representative will help you (to) organize the conference.
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They have invited her to participate in the conference.
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They expect us to resume the negotiations.
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Let me settle this question.
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Who allowed you to cancel the meeting?
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The obtained results enable us to employ this method in practice.
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I ordered (commanded) the goods to be shipped at once.
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We saw a woman enter the bank.
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She asked me to come back as soon as possible.
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The company director encouraged the workers to be trained for the new profession.
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They made us revise the terms of the contract. Or: They forced (induced) us to revise...
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What made you take this decision?
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The customers were persuaded to agree to our terms.
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She had (got / made) the waiter change the table-cloth.
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Everybody expected the partners to come at the end of the month.
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I often heard them discuss various scientific problems.
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Our manager wants us to work on Saturday.
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I was told not to pay the bill.
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Nobody forces (compels) him to work so hard. Or: Nobody makes him work so hard.
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He advised us to open a deposit account.
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I intend to learn French.
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I noticed some figures be inaccurate.
Вправа 14 (c. 27)
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Усі речення складнопідрядні.
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Тип головного речення в ситуаціях 1,2,3,5,6,7 - неозначено-особове; в ситуаціях 4 та 8 - безособове.
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Виділена курсивом частина у кожному реченні - це підрядне додаткове речення.
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делегація прибула
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статтю опубліковано
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товар було пошкоджено
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вони розробляють
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контракт буде підписано
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обладнання буде відвантажено
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він не планує
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я зустріну
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Англійські речення є простими за структурою.
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Частина, підкреслена двома рисками, - це присудковий комплекс.
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Головному реченню з українського варіанту відповідає перша частина присудкового комплексу в англійському варіанті.
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Підмету українського підрядного додаткового речення відповідає підмет англійського простого речення.
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Присудку українського підрядного додаткового речення відповідає друга частина присудкового комплексу в англійському варіанті; вона виражена інфінітивом.
Вправа 15 (c. 29)
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His brother is said to be the richest man in the country.
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His company is considered (believed / thought) to make annual profits of £8 million.
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He is known to have started doing business on his own 40 years ago.
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The deal is supposed to have led to the company bankruptcy.
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He is reported to be making new property investments at the moment.
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He is thought to be developing a new model of the appliance.
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The negotiations are understood (supposed) to take place tomorrow morning.
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The rate of inflation is not expected to exceed 5%.
Вправа 16 (c. 29)
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She was seen to talk to the manager.
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The cargo is known to have been insured last week.
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The auditors are reported to have started the checking of the company.
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The company is considered (believed / thought) to have lost a great deal of money on the deal.
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The members of the committee are expected to agree on the date of the conference.
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As many as a hundred people were supposed to participate in the conference.
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George is believed (considered / thought / supposed) to be planning a new major investment.
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He is said to have signed the agreement.
Вправа 17 (c. 30)
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is believed to be
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is reported to own
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is thought to be
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is known to have spent
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is said to have been
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is known to have started
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is supposed to have led
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is considered to have paid
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is known to be
Вправа 18 (c. 31)
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It’s time to establish economic relationships with Europe.
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He isn’t a person to rely on.
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He was the first to get interested in this problem.
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They were the last to congratulate us.
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The first thing to be done now is to check her banking account.
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It's a chance not to be missed.
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Mr. Johnson isn't a person to promise and not keep his word.
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Unfortunately, it is not the agreement to be proud of.
Вправа 19 (c. 33)
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I need a day off next week to go to an interview.
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New markets are not stable enough to invest in.
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To increase production, we will have to employ more workers.
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Tom put his keys in his briefcase in order / so as not to lose them.
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Their forecasts are not accurate enough for us to use.
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It was too hot to go out into town.
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The government can raise interest rates (in order / so as) to prevent the growth of inflation.
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To promote some special product lines, the managers changed the layout of the department store.
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She is rich enough not to work.
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Linda is studying economics (in order / so as) to become a manager of the company.
Вправа 20 (c. 33)
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We have cut the price of our goods by 10% to attract more customers.
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Can you afford to go on holiday now?
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Your production is too expensive for us to buy.
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The head of your company is considered (believed / thought / supposed) to earn over $500,000 a year.
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I am sure that they will agree to give us a 14% discount.
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We regret to inform you that you have failed.
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Considerable sums of money and travelling cheques ought to (should) be deposited into the safe.
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The partners failed to meet on Monday.
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Don't hesitate to contact us.
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She was made to learn Japanese.
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She hopes (expects) to be promoted soon.
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The director is going to hold negotiations next week.
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I had better fax this information.
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We put the letters on the table in order / so as not to forget to post them.
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Our competitors are known to have developed this model.
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The goods have to be ordered beforehand.
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I am very glad (pleased, happy, delighted) to be given a chance to work for this firm.
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I happen to know his telephone number.
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I would like her to prepare for the interview.
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Here is the article for you to read.
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I continued to write until it got dark.
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We used to provide our customers with the best services.
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To prevent the growth of inflation, the government had to raise interest rates.
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Tom turned out (proved) to be a good accountant.
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He wouldn’t like to be asked questions.
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The government doesn’t allow the tobacco industry to advertise on TV.
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The client threatens to take them to court.
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We saw the delegation board the plane.
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Is it possible to postpone our meeting for Wednesday?
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I have nothing to wear for the party.
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He is unlikely to be appointed a manager.
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I don’t know how to use e-mail.
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There is a price to be paid for the production of these goods.
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The company shouldn’t have invested in this project.
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The director asked me to finish the report as soon as possible.
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We are trying to attract as many customers as possible.