2. Make sure whether you read these words correctly:

lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, health, marine, ultraviolet, examine, coefficient, tightly, sufficiently.

3. Read and translate the following word combinations:

sensitive methods; throughout the lithosphere; a threat to health; per  million; on a substantial scale; chemical industry; ordinary temperature.

Study and remember the following chart:

1. He is known to work in the field of nuclear physics.

2 He is believed to have carried out a number of tests.

3. This problem is expected to have been solved.

4. This question is supposed to be solved soon.

5. He is known to be preparing for his exams.

4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Constructions as in the models:

Model I: It is known that he will make his report today.

He is known to make his report today.

1. It is believed that the method involved is good. 2; It Is expected that they will take part in this research work. 3. It is known that evaporation goes more rapidly at the higher temperature. 4. It was known even in ancient times that water is denser than air.

Model II: It was found that those rays had been deflected.

Those rays were found to have been deflected

1. It was known that the substance had been purified. 2. It was considered that the method had been improved. 3. It was known that the investigations carried out by him had resulted in new discoveries. 4. It is believed that they have examined this substance sufficiently.

5. Combine the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Construction as in the model:

Model: He has graduated from the Institute. I know it.

He is known to have graduated from the In­stitute.

1. M. Curie discovered radium. Everybody knows that. 2. He has finished his work. They said to us about it. 3. They work in the laboratory of organic chemistry. We know that. 4. The meeting will take place in our club. We were informed about it. 5. She has passed all her exams well. I know it.

6. Compare the following pairs of sentences, translate them into Russian:

1. The science of chemistry is known to deal with substances.

We know the science of chemistry to deal with sub­stances.

2. Every crystal has been found to consist of atoms arranged in a three-dimensional pattern.

They have found every crystal to consist of atoms arranged in a three-dimensional pattern.

3. Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen is known to have discovered a new kind of rays which he called X-rays.

Everybody knows Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen to have discovered a new kind of rays which he called X-rays.

4. Helium atom was stated to contain two electrons both of which are held tightly.

The scientists stated helium atom to contain two electrons both of which are held tightly.

5. The substance concerned is supposed to have been prepared by the reaction of some metals with water.

The scientists suppose this substance to have been prepared by the reaction of some metals with water.