Предтекстовые упражнения

I. Прочтите предложения, укажите в них независимый причастный оборот и переведите предложения:

1. Electrons moving through the conductor, electrical energy is generated.

2. The speed of light being very great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.

3. Transistors being very sensitive to light, engineers use this property.

4. The current in a circuit was decreased when the resistance was increased, other factors remaining the same.

5. Some radioactive materials have been found in nature, uranium being one of them.

6. Chemistry and physics are interconnected sciences, any chemical change resulting in a physical change.

7. The bodies having potentials of 100 volts and 50 volts, a potential difference of 50 volts exists between them.

8. The value of voltage was the same in all the elements of a parallel circuit, the value of current being different.

9. A charge of one coulomb increasing the potential between capacitors plates by one volt, a capacitor had a capacity of one farad.

10. The resistance of the body being higher, smaller current flows through the body.

11. Thermistors are very sensitive to light, this property being very important.

II. * Прочтите предложения, укажите номера предложений, со­держащих независимый причастный оборот, и переведите все предло­жения:

1. The engineers using semiconductors achieved good results.

2. The engineers using semiconductors, good results have been achieved.

3. The designers used some new tubes, the main characteris­tics remaining the same.

4. Using some new tubes the designers didn't change the main characteristics.

5. The metals, being electrical conductors, are used in many experiments.

6. When a varying plate current flows through a coil, there is a varying magnetic field causing self-induction.

7. Transistors are very sensitive to light, some of them reac­ting to starlight.

8. Being in the laboratory the engineer was able to see the new system operation.

9. The current distribution being non-uniform, the resis­tance increases.

10. The forces acting in the same direction, the resultant is found by adding the applied forces.

Т Е X T

TRANSISTORS

1. Transistors made it possible to design compact, small dimensioned electronic devices which consume very little power. 2. The transistors are used for direct transformation of heat energy into electrical energy by means of thermal elements. 3. They are also used to transform radiant energy into electri­city with the help of photocells or so-called solar batteries. 4. In later years light sources and lasers were built on the basis of transistors. 5. Transistors revolutionized radio engineering and electronics. 6. Having small size and other properties, transistors make it possible to produce devices which cannot be made with vacuum tubes. 7. Transistors are extremely sen­sitive to external influences, thousandths of one per cent of admixtures changing their electrical conductive properties by hundreds of thousands times¹. 8. They are very sensitive to the action of light, nuclear particles, pressure, etc. 9. Tran­sistors being sensitive to light, engineers have to take this property into consideration. 10. Some transistors act as insulators in the darkness, cadmium sulphide presenting one of them. 11. But already under ordinary room temperature their resistances decrease millions of times. 12. This property was used as the basis for making so-called photoresistances. 13. Some of them react not only to visible light but also to ultra-violet, infra-red and X-rays, and radioactive radiation. 14. At present such photoresistances, being very small in size, are successfully used as the main elements for various measuring instruments and automatic devices. 15. The supply of transistors is inexhaustible. 16. But up to now only a limited number of them is being used for engineering purposes. 17. Semiconductors are — germanium, silicon, selenium and some of the simple compounds, like lead sulphide and arsenic and phosphoruses with indium and gallium. 18. The electrical properties of germanium may be changed, provided the latter is exposed to light. 19. A very fine technology has been developed for obtaining transistors with pre-set physical properties by introducing into them admixtures of gold, copper, nickel, zinc, etc. 20. Soviet scientists have had considerable success in developing special films² which protect the transistor crystals from outer influen­ces and change their properties, these films making it possible to create a new family of miniaturized instruments.