Analysis

XXIII. Analyse the sentences in the following way:

1. Найдите подлежащее, группу подлежащего и сказуемое. 2. Укажите левые и правые определения (если таковые есть) подлежащего. 3. Укажите слова, к которым относятся выделенные предлоги. 4. Определите функцию группы слов, которая предшествует подлежащему (если таковая есть).

a) Precipitation of these descending, oxidizing, acid waters comes about in various ways. b) All around the land masses the depth of the sea increases very gradually. c) In the bedrock areas small mountain masses rise abruptly from the smooth desert surface.

Section 5 the solar system

Mechanically the solar system has one controlling member, the sun. The sun contains almost 99.9% (per cent) of the total mass of the solar system and controls by gravitational attraction the planets which revolve about it.

The planets are nearly spherical in shape but they are all bulged at the equator and flattened at the poles. The nine planets of the solar system are of different sizes and at different distances from the sun. The planets fall into two groups, called the inner and outer planets. The four inner planets are small pla-nets (Earth is the largest of the group). With the exception of^l Pluto, the outer planets are very much larger than the inner ones. Among the nine planets Jupiter is the largest and Mercury is the smallest, having a radius of only 1,500 miles, which is about 2,500 miles less than that of the earth. The sun has a radius more than 80 times that of the earth. The sun is over one million times as great in vo-lume as the earth. The surface area of the earth is only about one twelve thousandth the area of the sun's great surface.

Two things about the planetary orbits are of particular interest²: (a) all the planets revolve around the sun in the same direction and (b) with the exception of Pluto they travel in elliptical orbits which lie relatively close to a common plane.

Moreover, the sun, the moon, and the planets all rotate about their axes in the same direction that the planets revolve around the sun, with the exception of Uranus, whose rotational axis lies almost in the plain of its orbit.

The planets travel along their orbits at different velocities. There is a relationship between the velocity of a planet and the size of its orbit. The size of the orbit governs (controls) the speed at which the planet moves: the nearer to the sun a planet is, the faster it moves.

Notes

¹ with the exception of — за исключением

² to be of particular interest — представлять особый интерес

Planets	Average Distance from Sun (Millions of Miles)	Mean Diameter (Miles)	Mean Density (gm/cm³)	Length of Time for One Trip Around the Sun (Earth Units)
Pluto [ˊplu:tou]	3,670	4,000	4 (?)	248,4 years
Neptune[ˊneptju:n]	2,790	31,000	1.51	165 years
Uranus [ˊjuərənəs]	1,780	33,000	1.68	84 years
Saturn [ˊsætən]	886	75,000	0.68	29.5 years
Jupiter [ˊʤu:pɪtə]	483	89,000	1.22	11.0 years
Mars [ma:s]	142	4,270	2.97	1.9 уears
Earth [ə:θ]	93	7,930	5.52	365 days
Moon [mu:n]	93	2,160	3.36	—
Venus [ˊvi:nəs]	67	7,600	5.I	225 days
Mercury [ˊmə:kjurɪ]	36	3,000	5.4	88 days
Sun [sʌn]	—	864,327	1.42	—