The Miranda Warning

"You have the tight to remain silent; anything you say can be used against you...", these are the words of the "Miranda warning" which was created as a result of 1966 United State Supreme Court case, Miranda vs. Arizona. It began when Ernesto Miranda was arrested at his home and taken into custody to the police station, where he was identified by a witness as the map who had kidnapped and raped a woman. Police officers took Mr. Miranda into an interrogation room and two hours later emerged with a written confession signed by Mr. Miranda that also stated that the confession was made voluntarily and with full knowledge of his legal rights. The officers, however, failed to advise Mr. Miranda that he had a right to have an attorney present. The United States Supreme Court ruled that the confession could not be used as evidence of Mr. Miranda's guilt because he was not fully advised on his legal rights, which included the right to have his attorney present. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that no person can be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. To ensure that other accused criminals are made aware of their constitutional rights, the Supreme Court ruled that a suspect who is taken into custody and interrogated must receive a warning of the following rights: the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has a right of the presence of an attorney, and that if he can not afford an attorney, one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires. The 'Miranda warning' is now applied by law officers throughout the United States as a result of misruling.

Task 5. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalent:

1) credit for time in custody

2) defendant not in custody

3) detention in custody

4) escape by person in custody

5) in-custody confession

6) in-custody interrogation

7) person in custody

8) remand in custody

9) retention in custody

10) to discharge from custody

11) to keep in custody

12) to submit to custody

а) возвращение под стражу

b) дальнейшее содержание под стражей

с) передать, препроводить под стражу

d) допрос лица, находящегося под стражей

е) содержать под стражей

f) зачёт времени пребывания под стражей

g)лицо, содержащееся под стражей

i) освободить из-под стражи

h) побег из-под стражи

j) подсудимый, находящийся на свободе

k) признание, сделанное лицом, находящимся под стражей

l) содержание под стражей

Task 6. Fill in the gaps in the text below with the appropriate words from the box:

Theft; sentence; charge; fine; fingerprints; oath; arrest; evidence; cell; court; magistrate; handcuff; witnesses; investigate; detained; pleaded; found.

A policeman was sent to ______ the disappearance of some property from a hotel. When he arrived, he found that the hotel staff had caught a boy in one of the rooms with a camera and some cash. When the policeman tried to _______the boy, he came violent and the policeman had to_______ him. At the police station the boy could not give a satisfactory explanation for his actions and the police decided to ________him with the _________of the camera and cash. They took his ________, locked him in a _________, and _________him overnight. The next morning he appeared in _______before the _______. He took an ________and ____ not guilty. Two _________, the owner of the property and a member of the hotel staff, gave ________. After both sides of the case had been heard the boy was __________guilty. He had to pay a __________of 50 and he was given a ________of three months in prison suspended for two years.

Task 7. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions from the box. Some of these can be used more than once: